Table 3.
Multivariable time-dependent Cox analyses for risk of all-cause mortality related to post-diagnosis PPI use in different risk groups.
| PPI nonusersa | PPI usersa | aHRb | P for interaction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of deaths/No. of person-years | ||||
| Sex | 0.007 | |||
| Male | 4548/36 324 | 2508/16,802 | 1.44 (1.36, 1.52) | |
| Female | 3891/31 691 | 2238/17,060 | 1.32 (1.24, 1.40) | |
| Tumour stage | <0.001 | |||
| 0 + I | 351/10 830 | 299/4811 | 1.61 (1.36, 1.90) | |
| II | 1010/18 413 | 718/8666 | 1.44 (1.30, 1.60) | |
| III | 1414/14 966 | 1130/8339 | 1.53 (1.41, 1.66) | |
| IV | 3474/6419 | 1482/2886 | 1.20 (1.12, 1.27) | |
| Tumour site | <0.001 | |||
| Colon | 5741/43 720 | 3147/22,399 | 1.29 (1.23, 1.36) | |
| Rectum | 2698/24 295 | 1599/11,472 | 1.63 (1.50, 1.75) | |
| CRC surgery | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 4939/59 767 | 3657/30,735 | 1.51 (1.44, 1.59) | |
| No | 3500/8248 | 1089/3127 | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) | |
PPI proton pump inhibitors, CRC colorectal cancer, aHR multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio.
aPPI users were patients who had at least one PPI dispensation after the diagnosis of CRC; PPI nonusers were patients not collecting PPI dispensation after the diagnosis of CRC.
baHRs were adjusted for age, sex, pre-diagnosis PPI use, tumour site, tumour stage, CRC surgery, maintenance use of low-dose aspirin, maintenance use of non-aspirin NSAIDs, and the Charlson Comorbidity score.