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. 2021 Sep 13;11:18173. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-97352-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Growth of S. typhimurium in cells (A, D, E) and levels of ROS (B), H₂O₂ (C) in S. typhimurium infected cells and culture medium under different treatment conditions (24 h). White bar, RAW264.7; black bar, RAW264.7-IRG1KO. ITA, itaconic acid; NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Relative ROS amount in cells with different treatments was normalized to RAW264.7 control (NAC) and represents the fold change. Values represent the mean ± S.E.M. **, p < 0.01.