Fig. 13.
a Schematic illustration of preparation of Pd-NPs/meso-C-based test strips and their application in quantitative detection of H2O2 using smartphone and APP [147].
Copyright 2018 Elsevier. b Schematic illustration of the preparation of the µPAD and assay procedure for the sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [153]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier. c Schematic illustration of skin interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction using glucose-biosensing microneedle patch (GBMP) and the principle of colorimetric glucose detection using GOx-MnO2@GO as a colorimetric probe and smart phone-based app for quantitative analysis at hyperglycaemic condition [238]. Copyright 2020 Elsevier