Fig. 14.

a Working mechanism of cobalt oxyhydroxide nanoflakes integrated paper-based point-of-care detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The figure shows fabrication of the paper-based test strips and visual colorimetric detection of AChE based on the colour intensity on the test strips [124].

Copyright 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry. b Schematic representation of the proposed biosensor using magnetic nanoparticles (MNps)-based immunoseparation, nanocluster signal amplification and quantitative detection of Salmonella typhimurium using smartphone-based application [239]. Copyright 2019 Elsevier