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. 2021 Aug 31;9:700879. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700879

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Interleukin (IL)-6 enhanced sodium–potassium–chloride cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) activity in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS) and rheumatoid arthritis FLS (RA-FLS). (A) mRNA levels and (B) protein levels of NKCC1 with pretreatment of 50 ng/ml IL-6 for 48 h in HFLS, OA-FLS, and RA-FLS. β-Actin was used as a loading control. (C) Analysis of band intensity of NKCC1 protein levels in HFLS, OA-FLS, and RA-FLS. (D) Rate of volume change by hypertonic stimulation in NKCC1-overexpressed HEK293T cells. Results are shown as mean ± SEM (n = 3, *p < 0.05, *: Control vs NKCC1). NKCC1 activity due to the 20 mM NH4Cl pulse was measured with pretreatment of 50 ng/ml IL-6 in (E) HFLS, (F) RA-FLS, and (G) OA-FLS. (H) Analysis of NKCC1 activity. NKCC1 activity of the IL-6-stimulated groups were normalized to control. Results are shown as mean ± SEM [n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, *: Control vs + (IL)−6].