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. 2021 Aug 31;12:726895. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.726895

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Copyright © 2021 Scalco, Moro, Mongillo and Zaglia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Neural control of the cardiovascular system. Afferent and efferent pathways are shown in green and red lines, respectively. The figure has been simplified to illustrate the major cortical, subcortical, and brain stem areas involved in control of the cardiovascular function. Most areas are interconnected. For anatomic details and physiological effects of the illustrated pathways, please refer to the text and the original article. Adapted with permission from Tahsili-Fahadan and Geocadin (2017). Adapted from “Anatomy of the Brain,” by BioRender.com (2021). Retrieved from (app.biorender.com/biorender-templates).