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. 2021 Sep 9;30:09636897211035076. doi: 10.1177/09636897211035076

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© The Author(s) 2021

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 4. — Comparison between intraneural and surface transplantation of cells. (A) Intraneural transplantation of DCs. ABRs before compression (1), 5 weeks after compression before cell transplantation (2), and 3 months after (3). Arrowhead in panel 3, monophasic positive potential indicating electrical failure of nerve impulse transmission. I–V, ABR wave I–V. (B) Surface transplantation of donor cells. ABRs before compression (1), 5 weeks after compression (2), and 3 months after surface transplantation (3). Note a significant improvement of ABRs 3 months after surface transplantation (see Sekiya et al., 2015 for more details). (C) Schematic drawing of fate of intraneurally injected cells. (1) Cell debris mainly in the site of cell transplantation (large arrow), and a few cells are seemingly stuck in the gliotic auditory nerve tissue (small arrows). (2) Large arrow indicates cavity formation (asterisk) in the nerve due to infusion pressure during injection and the infused cell mass. Small arrow indicates cell debris around the cavity. (see Sekiya et al., 2015 for original images). Scale bars: (1), 200 μm; (2) 50 μm. (D) Schematic drawing of various modes of cell migration of donor cells transplanted on the surface of the auditory nerve (see Sekiya et al., 2015 for original images). (1) The DCs autonomously enter the AuN in a chain formation (hollow arrows). CSF, cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebellopontine angle subarachnoid space. (2) Within a gliotic auditory nerve, a transplanted cell is intimately associated with a GFAP+ process (black arrow) derived from the glial scar and migrated (hollow arrow). (3) three migrating donor cells (hollow arrows) form chains within GFAP+ sheaths (2 pairs of black arrows). (4) Migrating transplanted cells (hollow arrows) associated with neurons (black arrow), possibly for guidance. Scale bars: (1, 2, 4), 20 μm; (3) 10 μm. Cited from Sekiya et al. (2015) with publisher’s permission. ABR, auditory evoked brainstem responses; AuN, auditory nerve; BS, brainstem; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DCs, donor cells; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein.