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. 2021 Sep 14:1–17. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16077-6

Table. 5.

Comparison of the algorithms

Problem index NPS MID MS SNS
SA WOA HWS SA WOA HWS SA WOA HWS SA WOA HWS
P1 5 9 8 2.3656 1.4909 2.1668 322971 364337 367835 357683 284855 252546
P2 9 11 11 2.1409 1.1119 1.1781 583346 673114 659895 699981 786742 696675
P3 6 12 13 3.0635 2.1143 2.0267 674618 724566 711843 889612 981314 996440
P4 8 11 12 4.6701 3.6118 2.1146 756024 1017213 995784 1500420 1400858 1634697
P5 9 12 13 2.9635 3.6959 2.6112 894850 574956 1525546 2355835 2136201 2484306
P6 9 13 12 5.7248 3.1876 2.8049 1261434 968246 1545794 2701689 2586113 2481696
P7 10 11 12 7.3716 5.0146 5.4399 1053899 1057282 1129750 3219535 3467159 2868420
P8 11 13 14 4.5463 5.8759 5.6609 1035657 919442 1129797 3463876 3718771 3506257
P9 12 14 12 6.8472 4.8438 4.0797 1506496 1865527 1855450 5140232 5409774 5375823
P10 10 14 12 3.6925 3.9634 3.1708 1750385 1839931 2248624 5210873 5702810 5973421
P11 11 14 15 5.7481 5.8276 4.0531 1668077 1399581 2302254 5185450 6044003 6090874
P12 8 13 14 2.6435 4.8701 6.3874 1585811 1761960 1457975 5801526 6319580 6249123
P13 10 15 15 3.2891 4.2675 3.2895 1547389 1475869 1563762 5833145 6657432 7057842
P14 11 16 16 4.4763 4.9788 3.8537 1453687 1564587 1674284 5437869 6935741 7125647
P15 10 15 16 5.8767 4.4633 3.1704 1546738 1564372 1748523 6647315 6457823 6962358

Best values in each test for each metric are shown in bold