Table 1.
Summary of findings for included studies
| Author (country) | Study design | Total children with Covid-19 (n) | Covid-19 confirmation procedure | Children diagnosed with Covid-19 with olfactory dysfunction | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total children with olfactory dysfunction (n) | Gender (n) | Age (years) | Olfactory dysfunction assessment type | Investigation of olfactory dysfunction | Specific treatment for olfactory dysfunction | Outcome | MIS-C | |||||
| Bernaola Abraira et al.4 (Spain) | Retrospective study | 30 | RT-PCR | 5 | NR | NR | Subjective | Questionnaire & severity scale by Izquierdo-Dominguez | NR | Complete recovery in 4 months | NR | |
| Concheiro-Guisan et al.5 (Spain) | Retrospective study | 33 | RT-PCR | 5 | 2F, 3M | NR | Objective | Odour ID test | NR | NR | NR | |
| Kasuga et al.6 (Japan) | Case report | 1 | RT-PCR | 1 | F | 13 | Subjective + objective | VAS (smell & taste score = 0%), IV Alinamin® olfaction test & odour ID test | NR | Complete recovery | NR | |
| Kumar et al.7 (India) | Prospective study | 141 | RT-PCR | 62 | NR | 10–19 | NR | NR | NR | Olfactory dysfunction persists in 3 patients | NR | |
| Mak et al.8 (Hong Kong) | Case series | 3 | RT-PCR | 3 | 2F, 1M | 15.7 | NR | NR | NR | Olfactory dysfunction persists in 1 patient | NR | |
| Maniaci et al.9 (Italy) | Case report | 1 | RT-PCR | 1 | M | 15 | NR | NR | NR | Olfactory dysfunction persists in 1 patient | NR | |
| Marhaeni et al.10 (Indonesia) | Case report | 1 | RT-PCR | 1 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | |
| Qiu et al. 11 (China, Germany, France) | Retrospective study | 27 | RT-PCR | 10 | 6M, 4F | 15–17 | Subjective + objective (1 child) | Questionnaire, VAS & olfactory stimuli test (China) | NR | Complete recovery in 3/9 patients* | NR | |
| Rusetsky et al.12 (Russia) | Prospective study | 79 | RT-PCR | 68 | NR | NR | Subjective + objective | SNOT-22 & odour ID test | NR | Complete recovery in 2 months | NR | |
*Follow-up data were not obtained for one child in the German cohort. Covid-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; MIS-C = coronavirus disease 2019 related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children; RT-PCR = reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; NR = not reported; F = females; M = males; ID = identification; VAS = visual analogue score; IV = intravenous; SNOT-22 = Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22