Figure 2. Decomposition of Excess Death Rates Across Strata of Health Care Factors in 2096 US Counties in 2020.

Coefficients were generated according to the model given in the eMethods in the Supplement. The model was weighted by the 2020 population and fully stratified by health system factors. For continuous measures, factors were divided into population-weighted quartiles. Estimated death rates to the left of the observed death rate estimate indicate a negative prediction for the excess death rate not assigned to COVID-19 because β₂ was less than 1.