Table 3. Outcomes of Children With SS Who Had Not Yet Undergone Surgery.
| Domain and comparison data | Standardized mean group differences | Prevalence rates | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies, No. | Participants with SS, No. | Hedges g (95% CI) | P value | I 2 | τ | N fs | Studies, No. | Participants with SS, No. | Prevalence (95% CI) | |
| General cognition | ||||||||||
| Peers | 3 | 89 | −0.28 (−0.67 to 0.10) | .15 | 34.48 | 0.21 | 1 | 1 | 27 | 0.37 (0.21 to 0.56) |
| Normsa | 4 | 160 | −0.15 (−0.89 to 0.60) | .70 | 94.99 | 0.74 | 0 | |||
| Motor functioning | ||||||||||
| Peers | 3 | 108 | −0.42 (−0.67 to −0.18) | <.001 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 3 | 2 | 114 | 0.17 (0.07 to 0.36) |
| Norms | 4 | 166 | −0.30 (−10.01 to 0.41) | .41 | 94.80 | 0.71 | 2 | |||
| Verbal abilities | ||||||||||
| Peers | 3 | 99 | 0.01 (−0.24 to 0.26) | .96 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 2 | 90 | 0.13 (0.03 to 0.40) |
| Norms | 2 | 103 | 0.17 (−0.03 to 0.37) | .09 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | |||
| Visuospatial abilities | ||||||||||
| Peers | 1 | 28 | −0.09 (−0.61 to 0.43) | .73 | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 87 | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.15) |
| Norms | 1 | 26 | 0.44 (0.04 to 0.83) | .03 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Adaptive and social skills | ||||||||||
| Peers | 1 | 28 | −0.21 (−0.72 to 0.31) | .44 | NA | NA | NA | 1 | 87 | 0.06 (0.02 to 0.13) |
| Norms | 1 | 26 | 0.21 (−0.60 to 0.18) | .30 | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Global development | ||||||||||
| Peers | 1 | 28 | −0.31 (−0.83 to 0.21) | .25 | NA | NA | NA | 5 | 378 | 0.15 (0.09 to 0.24) |
| Norms | 1 | 26 | 0.30 (−0.09 to 0.70) | .13 | NA | NA | NA | |||
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; Nfs, Orwin failsafe N; SS, sagittal synostosis.
a
Norms refers to comparisons against normative data for each measure.