Eisenhofer 2015.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: RCT Setting: USA
Participants	11 EC = 4; NRT = 7 Veterans who meet DSM criteria for tobacco use disorder 18% female. Mean age 52.6. Mean cpd 26.4. Mean ftnd 7.5.  64% African American
Interventions	EC type: cartridge Arm 1: Electronic cigarettes 16 mg cartridge. Arm 2: NRT. Participants attended thrice‐weekly visits during the first 2 weeks (week 1‐“baseline” with participants smoking ad libitum) and attended five visits during the third week (week 3‐“efficacy” with participants smoking as little as possible while using NRT or E‐cigs)
Outcomes	Self‐reports of cigarettes smoked in last 24 hours, confirmed by breath CO levels and salivary cotinine
Study funding	This work was conducted at and supported by resources at the MEDVAMC, including a MEDVAMC Research Enhancement Seed Grant
Author declarations	NS
Notes	New for Sept 2021 update Study information extracted from conference abstract only
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: “Veterans were randomized to either NRT (16mg patch;N=7) or E‐cigs (16mgcartridge;N=4).” No further information provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No blinding but active interventions provided to both arms
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "CO levels and salivary cotinine were recorded during each visit.' 'Self‐reports of cigarettes smoked in last 24 h, and this was confirmed by significant reductions of breath CO levels by NRT (t = 3.7, p = .01) and E‐Cigs (t = 3.9, p = .03)."
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No protocol or clinical trial record available to determine whether all prespecified outcomes are reported