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. 2021 Sep 13;9(9):e003032. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003032

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Profile and mechanisms of TAM immunosuppressive activity to directly and/or indirectly repress CTL function. Left: these activities can entail direct contact with CTLs or indirectly induce CTL dysfunction by altering the tumor microenvironment. Mechanisms in italics likely occur, but have not yet been observed, in MPM. Right: M2-like TAMs typically express higher levels of tolerogenic proteins. Although CD163, CD206 and Arg1 have been targeted to identify M2-like TAMs in MPM, markers of TAM classification continue to be controversial. F4/80 is exclusive to mouse TAMs. CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; MPM, malignant pleural mesothelioma; OS, overall survival; TAM, tumor-associated macrophage; TIME, tumor immune microenvironment.