Figure 1.

Sieve signatures distinguishing vaccine and placebo groups persisted over time. At twelve Env signature sites, the proportion of participants having the consensus amino acid is shown for vaccine (red) and placebo (blue) groups at (A) diagnosis and (B) 6 months post-diagnosis. Error bars in (B) indicate 95 per cent confidence intervals across jackknifed samples. (C) Proportion of transitions (median values across jackknifed samples) between consensus and non-consensus amino acids across sampling times in vaccine and placebo recipients. The per-participant VR scores corresponding to the twelve sieve signature sites that were calculated at (D) diagnosis and (E) 6 months post-diagnosis were significantly higher in vaccine recipients (P-values are shown for Mann–Whitney U t tests).