Table 1.
Number and type of operations, risk assessment, and major post-operative complications during the initial pandemic response compared to the pre-COVID-19 era
| Period | March–May 2019 (n = 157) | March–May 2020 (n = 97) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 65.5 (13.4) | 66.5 (13.5) | 0.45 |
| Male | 105 (66.8%) | 66 (68%) | 0.34 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| White | 117 (75%) | 74 (76%) | 0.3 |
| Asian | 5 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 0.2 |
| Black | 5 (3%) | 2 (2%) | 0.46 |
| Other | 30 (12%) | 19 (20%) | 0.23 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 34 (21.7%) | 18 (18.6%) | 0.274 |
| Chronic lung disease | 23 (14.6%) | 17 (17.5%) | 0.48 |
| Hypertension | 96 (61.1%) | 62 (63.9%) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes | 29 (18.5%) | 19 (19.6%) | 0.28 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 57 (36.3%) | 30 (30.9%) | 0.56 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 14 (8.9%) | 12 (12.3%) | 0.25 |
| Coagulopathy | 7 (4.5%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0.6 |
| Chronic liver disease | 3 (1.9%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0.34 |
| Malignancy | 2 (1.3%) | 1 (1%) | 0.65 |
| Type of operations | |||
| AVR | 77 | 52 | N/A |
| AVR + CABG | 32 | 15 | N/A |
| AVR + aortic | 29 | 17 | N/A |
| AVR + MVR | 8 | 3 | N/A |
| Multivalvular/complex | 11 | 10 | N/A |
| Euroscore II (median [IQR]) | 2.1 [0.9–3.7] | 2.7 [1.9–5.2] | 0.005 |
| Urgent/emergency setting | 22 (14%) | 57 (59%) | < 0.001 |
| NYHA/CCS III/IV | 101 (64.3%) | 74 (76.3%) | 0.112 |
| Endocarditis | 7 (4.5%) | 11 (11.3%) | 0.038 |
| Re-do operations | 6 (3.8%) | 8 (8.2%) | 0.135 |
| 30-day mortality | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.58 |
| Re-sternotomy for bleeding | 10 (6.4%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0.269 |
| TIA/stroke | 3 (1.9%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0.54 |
| New need for RRT | 8 (5.1%) | 9 (9.3%) | 0.186 |
| Pre-operative COVID-19 | N/A | 0 (0%) | N/A |
| Post-operative COVID-19 | N/A | 0 (0%) | N/A |