Table 2.
Outcomes of children with kidney diseases affected by COVID-19 (n = 88)
| Parameter | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Hospital admission# | 41 (46.6) |
| Admission to intensive care unit | 18 (20.4) |
| Maximal clinical severity of COVID-19 | |
| Asymptomatic | 25 (28.4) |
| Mild | 46 (52.3) |
| Moderate | 9 (10.2) |
| Severe | 8 (9.1) |
| Maximal respiratory support required | |
| Oxygen by face mask | 5 |
| High flow nasal cannula | 5 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 6 |
| Vasopressor support | 4 (4.5) |
| Acute kidney injury^ | 25 (34.2) |
| Stage 1 | 13$ |
| Stage 2 | 2 |
| Stage 3 | 10 |
| Need for kidney replacement therapy | 8 |
| Outcome | |
| Discharge; well at home (not admitted) | 38; 48 |
| Death | 3 (3.4) |
| Re-admission | 2 |
| Duration of hospital stay, days | 10 (7–15) |
| Outcomes in patients with AKI n = 25) | |
| Continued need for kidney replacement therapy | 2 |
| Estimated GFR*, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 65.6 [40–84.3] |
| Hypertension; proteinuria (new onset)@ | 2; 2 |
| Retesting for clearance of infection | 33 |
| Time to negative test result, days | 15 (8–24) |
| Persistent positive for > 14 days | 18 (54.5) |
| Persistent positive for > 21 days | 11 (33.3) |
| Persistent positive for > 6 weeks | 3 (9.1) |
Data reported as n (%) or median [interquartile range]
#Included 9 admissions for problems apparently unrelated to COVID-19 (anasarca in 5 patients with nephrotic syndrome; asymptomatic allograft dysfunction and severe anemia in two patients each); ^assessed only in patients not already on dialysis; $4 patients were not admitted and recovered with oral hydration at home; *eGFR calculated using modified Schwartz formula [25] based on serum creatinine at discharge in patients not on dialysis; @hypertension defined as per clinical practice guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics 2017 [24]