Table 3.
Sociodemographic and other characteristics of the participants (N = 372)
| Variable | N (%) |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Male | 122 (32.8%) |
| Female | 250 (67.2%) |
| District | |
| Beirut | 62 (16.7%) |
| Mount Lebanon | 271 (72.8%) |
| North Lebanon | 27 (7.3%) |
| South Lebanon | 9 (2.4%) |
| Bekaa | 3 (0.8%) |
| Acne diagnosis by a dermatologist | |
| No | 248 (66.7%) |
| Yes | 124 (33.3%) |
| LEEDS score for the face | |
| < 2 | 291 (78.2%) |
| ≥ 2 | 81 (21.8%) |
| LEEDS score for the back | |
| < 2 | 340 (91.4%) |
| ≥ 2 | 32 (8.6%) |
| LEEDS score for the chest | |
| < 2 | 353 (94.9%) |
| ≥ 2 | 19 (5.1%) |
| Total LEEDS score (face, back and chest) | |
| < 2 | 278 (74.7%) |
| ≥ 2 | 94 (25.3%) |
| Number of times you wash your face per week | |
| Never | 247 (66.4%) |
| 1–2 times | 47 (12.6%) |
| 3–5 times | 46 (12.4%) |
| Daily | 32 (8.6%) |
| Skin type | |
| Normal | 88 (23.7%) |
| Dry | 25 (6.7%) |
| Mixed | 139 (37.4%) |
| vOily | 90 (24.2%) |
| Do not know | 30 (8.1%) |
| Use of hydrating cream (yes) | 266 (71.5%) |
| Use of medical devices (yes) | 31 (8.3%) |
| Use of cream powder (yes) | 111 (29.8%) |
| Stress/sleep deprivation (yes) | 174 (46.8%) |
| Intake of sugar-based products | |
| 1–2 times per week or less | 121 (32.5%) |
| 3–5 times per week | 135 (36.3%) |
| Every day | 116 (31.2%) |
| Whey proteins intake | |
| 1–2 times per week or less | 343 (92.2%) |
| 3–5 times per week | 22 (5.9%) |
| Every day | 7 (1.9%) |
| Dairy products intake | |
| 1–2 times per week or less | 64 (17.2%) |
| 3–5 times per week | 157 (42.2%) |
| Every day | 151 (40.6%) |
| Carbohydrates intake | |
| 1–2 times per week or less | 154 (41.4%) |
| 3–5 times per week | 154 (41.4%) |
| Every day | 64 (17.2%) |
| Hours in front of screen | |
| 0–1 h | 8 (2.2%) |
| 2–3 h | 95 (25.5%) |
| 4–5 h | 133 (35.8%) |
| 6 h or more | 136 (36.6%) |
| Smoking (yes) | 124 (33.3%) |
| Passive smoking daily (yes) | 167 (44.9%) |
| Living close to a highway/busy road (yes) | 119 (32.0%) |
| Living close to an electric generator (yes) | 94 (25.3%) |
| Living near a power plant (yes) | 42 (11.3%) |
| Working near a power plant (yes) | 24 (6.5%) |
| Driving a car (yes) | 328 (88.2%) |
| Using the air condition in the car (yes) | 352 (94.6%) |
| Hours stuck in traffic per day | |
| Not applicable | 85 (22.8%) |
| 1–2 h per day | 243 (65.3%) |
| 3–4 h per day | 40 (10.8%) |
| 5 or more hours per day | 4 (1.1%) |
| Hours of outdoor activities per day | |
| Not applicable | 91 (24.5%) |
| v1–2 h per day | 203 (54.6%) |
| v3–4 h per day | 69 (18.5%) |
| 5 or more hours per day | 9 (2.4%) |
| Mean ± SD | |
| Age (in years) | 29.44 ± 12.71 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 23.32 ± 4.57 |
| Household crowding index | 0.93 ± 0.43 |
| Number of family members with acne or history of acne | 0.73 ± 0.76 |
| Exposure to NO2categories | |
| None | 35 (9.4%) |
| Mild | 113 (30.4%) |
| Moderate | 180 (48.4%) |
| Severe | 44 (11.8%) |
| Exposure to CO categories | |
| None | 354 (95.2%) |
| Mild | 16 (4.3%) |
| Moderate | 2 (0.5%) |
| Severe | 0 (0%) |
| Exposure to SO2categories | |
| None | 273 (73.4%) |
| Mild | 75 (20.2%) |
| Moderate | 22 (5.9%) |
| Severe | 2 (0.5%) |
| Exposure to O3categories | |
| None | 328 (88.2%) |
| Mild | 43 (11.6%) |
| Moderate | 1 (0.3%) |
| Severe | 0 (0%) |
| Exposure to PM10categories | |
| None | 121 (32.5%) |
| Mild | 129 (34.7%) |
| Moderate | 105 (28.2%) |
| Severe | 17 (4.6%) |
| Exposure to PM2.5categories | |
| None | 4 (1.1%) |
| Mild | 88 (23.7%) |
| Moderate | 213 (57.3%) |
| Severe | 67 (18.0%) |