Table 2.
Prevalence of self-reported and urinalysis-screened drug use at among participants (N = 1129)
| Self-reported drug use during the past 12 month | Self-reported drug use during the past 72 h | Positive urinalysis | Self-reported during the past 72 h versus urine testa | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| drug use | gender | group | N | n (%) | 95%CI | p | n (%) | 95%CI | P | n (%) | 95%CI | p | p |
| opioid use | Male | RYCS (Research Setting) | 494 | 61 (12.35%) | (9.72–15.57) | 0.544 | 12 (2.43%) | (1.38–4.24) | 0.003 | 32 (6.48) | (4.61–9.03) | 0.003 | < 0.001 |
|
PHC Centers setting (with urine specimen) |
229 | 32 (13.97%) | (10.03–19.14) | 16 (6.99%) | (4.31–11.14) | 30 (13.10) | (9.29–18.16) | < 0.001 | |||||
|
PHC Centers setting (total) |
270 | 39(14.44) | (10.71–19.20) | 0.412 | 19 (7.04) | (4.52–10.80) | 0.002 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Female | RYCS (Research Setting) | 113 | 6 (5.31%) | (2.38–11.44) | 0.039 | 1 (0.88) | (0.12–6.18) | 0.767 | 1 (0.88) | (0.12–6.18) | 0.362 | 1.00 | |
|
PHC Centers setting (with urine specimen) |
171 | 2 (1.17%) | (0.29–4.62) | 1 (0.58) | (0.081–4.11) | 4 (2.34) | (0.87–6.12) | 0.250 | |||||
|
PHC Centers setting (total) |
252 | 3 (1.19) | (0.38–3.04) | 0.019 | 2 (0.79) | (0.20–3.15) | 0.929 | – | – | – | – | ||
| total | RYCS (Research Setting) | 607 | 67(11.04) | (8.77–13.80) | 0.190 | 13(2.14) | (1.25–3. 66) | 0.054 | 33(5.44) | (3.89–7.56) | 0.056 | < 0.001 | |
|
PHC Centers setting (with urine specimen) |
400 | 34(8.50) | (6.13–11.68) | 17 (4.25) | (2.65–6.74) | 34 (8.50) | (6.13–11.68) | < 0.001 | |||||
|
PHC Centers setting (total) |
522 | 42 (8.05) | (5.99–10.72) | 0.090 | 21 (4.02) | (2.63–6.10) | 0.065 | – | – | – | – | ||
| cannabis | Male | RYCS (Research Setting) | 494 | 8 (1.62%) | (0.81–3.21) | 0.595 | 1 (0.20%) | (0.028–1.4) | 0.192 | 10 (2.02) | (1.09–3.73) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
|
PHC Centers setting (with urine specimen) |
229 | 5 (2.18%) | (0.71–5.02) | 2 (0.87%) | (0.22–3.5) | 16 (6.99) | (4.05–11.10) | < 0.001 | |||||
|
PHC Centers setting (total) |
270 | 5 (1.85%) | (0.60–4.3) | 0.812 | 2 (0.74) | (0.09–2.65) | 0.255 | – | – | – | – | ||
| methadone | Male | RYCS (Research Setting) | 494 | 16 (3.24%) | (1.99–5.23) | 0.302 | 4 (0.81%) | (0.30–2.14) | 0.053 | 19 (3.85) | (2.46–5.96) | 0.000 | < 0.001 |
|
PHC Centers setting (with urine specimen) |
229 | 11 (4.80%) | (2.68–8.50) | 6 (2.62%) | (1.17–5.74) | 25 (10.92) | (7.46–15.70) | < 0.001 | |||||
|
PHC Centers setting (total) |
270 | 12(4.44) | (2.53–7.69) | 0.397 | 6(2.22) | (1–4.88) | 0.101 | – | – | – | – | ||
| female | RYCS (Research Setting) | 113 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | 1 (0.88) | 0.362 | 1.00 | ||
|
PHC Centers setting (with urine specimen) |
171 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (2.34) | 0.125 | ||||||
|
PHC Centers setting (total) |
252 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| total | RYCS (Research Setting) | 607 | 16 (2.64) | (1.51–4.25) | 0.913 | 4 (0.66) | (0.18–1.68) | 0.188 | 20(3.29) | (2.02–5.04) | 0.004 | < 0.001 | |
|
PHC Centers setting (with urine specimen) |
400 | 11 (2.75) | (1.38–4.87) | 6 (1.50) | (0.55–3.24) | 29 (7.25) | (4.91–10.25) | < 0.001 | |||||
|
PHC Centers setting (total) |
522 | 12 (2.30) | (1.19–3.98) | 0.717 | 6 (1.15) | (0.42–2.48) | 0.381 | – | – | – | – | ||
| amphetamine and Methamphetamine | Male | RYCS (Research Setting) | 494 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.20) | (0.03–1.33) | 0.557 | 1.00 | ||
|
PHC Centers setting (with urine specimen) |
229 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (0.87) | (0.11–3.12) | 0.50 | |||||
|
PHC Centers setting (total) |
270 | 1 | 0.37 | 0.176 | 1 | 0.37 | 0.176 | – | – | – | – | ||
a The results of standard tests (urine test) were compared with the results of Self-reporting of substance use during the past 72 h by McNamara’s test