Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population before and after propensity score matching by exposure status
| Before PSM | After PSM | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transition to retirement n. (%) |
Control n. (%) |
Transition to retirement n. (%) |
Control n. (%) |
|||
| n. | 1653 | 3516 | p-valuea | 1635 | 1635 | p-valuea |
| Age (mean, years) | 60.37 | 58.15 | < 0.01* | 60.36 | 60.39 | 0.78 |
| Gender | 0.52 | 1 | ||||
| Males | 976 (59.0%) | 2043 (58.1%) | 968 (59.2%) | 968 (59.2%) | ||
| Females | 677 (41.0%) | 1473 (41.9%) | 667 (40.8%) | 667 (40.8%) | ||
| Job | < 0.01* | 1 | ||||
| White collar | 1218 (73.7%) | 2751 (78.2%) | 1206 (73.8%) | 1206 (73.8%) | ||
| Blue collar | 435 (26.3%) | 765 (21.8%) | 429 (26.2%) | 429 (26.2%) | ||
| Job satisfactionb | 0.05 | 0.71 | ||||
| High | 338 (20.6%) | 619 (17.8%) | 336 (20.5%) | 315 (19.3%) | ||
| Medium-high | 982 (59.8%) | 2091 (60.2%) | 977 (59.8%) | 1008 (61.7%) | ||
| Medium-low | 251 (15.3%) | 599 (17.2%) | 250 (15.3%) | 252 (15.4%) | ||
| Low | 72 (4.3%) | 168 (4.8%) | 72 (4.4%) | 60 (3.6%) | ||
| Education level | < 0.01* | 0.47 | ||||
| High | 475 (28.7%) | 1268 (36.1%) | 467 (28.6%) | 440 (26.9%) | ||
| Medium | 760 (46.0%) | 1661 (47.2%) | 757 (46.3%) | 802 (49.1%) | ||
| Low | 418 (25.3%) | 587 (16.7%) | 411 (25.1%) | 393 (24.0%) | ||
| Area of residencec | 0.01* | 0.63 | ||||
| North West | 389 (23.5%) | 741 (21.1%) | 382 (23.4%) | 387 (23.7%) | ||
| North East | 360 (21.8%) | 649 (18.4%) | 353 (21.6%) | 315 (19.3%) | ||
| Center | 337 (20.4%) | 759 (21.6%) | 336 (20.5%) | 344 (21.0%) | ||
| South and islands | 567 (34.3%) | 1367 (38.9%) | 564 (34.5%) | 589 (36.0%) | ||
| Self-reported health status | 0.75 | 0.78 | ||||
| Excellent | 238 (14.4%) | 493 (14.0%) | 234 (14.3%) | 212 (13.0%) | ||
| Good | 839 (50.8%) | 1839 (52.3%) | 832 (50.9%) | 863 (52.8%) | ||
| Satisfactory | 392 (23.7%) | 816 (23.2%) | 386 (23.6%) | 375 (22.9%) | ||
| Poor-bad | 184 (11.1%) | 368 (10.5%) | 183 (11.2%) | 185 (11.3%) | ||
| BMI | 0.17 | 0.80 | ||||
| Underweight-normal | 784 (47.4%) | 1740 (49.5%) | 776 (47.5%) | 767 (46.9%) | ||
| Overweight-obese | 869 (52.6%) | 1776 (50.5%) | 859 (52.5%) | 868 (53.1%) | ||
| Current smokerb | 0.10 | 0.04* | ||||
| Yes | 378 (22.9%) | 727 (20.9%) | 374 (22.9%) | 314 (19.2%) | ||
| No | 1271 (77.1%) | 2751 (79.1%) | 1261 (77.1%) | 1321 (80.8%) | ||
| Sports habitb | 0.32 | 0.36 | ||||
| Yes | 541 (32.8%) | 1092 (31.4%) | 530 (32.4%) | 499 (30.5%) | ||
| No | 1110 (67.2%) | 2389 (68.6%) | 1105 (67.6%) | 1136 (69.5%) | ||
| Physical functioning | 0.29 | 0.79 | ||||
| Partial limitation | 50 (3.0%) | 121 (3.4%) | 49 (3%) | 41 (2,5%) | ||
| Total limitation | 61 (3.7%) | 104 (3.0%) | 59 (3,6%) | 59 (3,6%) | ||
| No limitation | 1542 (93.3%) | 3291 (93.6%) | 1527 (93,4%) | 1535 (93,9%) | ||
aT-test was used for continuous variables, chi-square for categorical variables
bmissing data not reported (59 for job satisfaction, 42 for current smoker, 37 for sports habit)
cwithin Italy
PSM Propensity score matching, BMI Body mass index