TABLE 3.
The change in frequency of implementation of preventive measures for COVID‐19 by companies, reported by Japanese workers (N = 800)
|
T1 19‐22 March 2020 |
T2 22‐26 May 2020 |
T3 7‐12 August 2020 |
T4 6‐12 November 2020 |
P for Cochran's Q test | P for difference (McNemar) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | T1, T2, T3, T4 | T1‐T2 | T1‐T3 | T1‐T4 | T2‐T3 | T2‐T4 | T3‐T4 | |
| (a) Prevention taken by individuals | |||||||||||||||
| Hand washing, gargle enforcement | 702 | 87.8 | 708 | 88.5 | 726 | 90.8 | 740 | 92.5 | <0.001†† | 0.624 | 0.025 | <0.001** | 0.086 | 0.002* | 0.166 |
| Encourage finger alcohol disinfection | 695 | 86.9 | 741 | 92.6 | 758 | 94.8 | 737 | 92.1 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.061 | 0.746 | 0.016 |
| Encourage wearing masks | 639 | 79.9 | 758 | 94.8 | 767 | 95.9 | 749 | 93.6 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.243 | 0.328 | 0.026 |
| Enforce cough etiquette | 632 | 79.0 | 674 | 84.3 | 686 | 85.8 | 714 | 89.3 | <0.001†† | 0.001* | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.303 | <0.001** | 0.010 |
| Enforcement of temperature measurement | 394 | 49.3 | 583 | 72.9 | 634 | 79.3 | 576 | 72.0 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.664 | <0.001** |
| (b) Prevention to reduce the risk of infection at workplace | |||||||||||||||
| Cancel or postpone internal or external business events | 488 | 61.0 | 556 | 69.5 | 562 | 70.3 | 497 | 62.1 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.609 | 0.681 | <0.001** | <0.001** |
| Disinfection of the work environment | 309 | 38.6 | 530 | 66.3 | 558 | 69.8 | 523 | 65.4 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.041 | 0.704 | 0.027 |
| Refrain from traveling overseas | 286 | 35.8 | 315 | 39.4 | 315 | 39.4 | 334 | 41.8 | 0.002†† | 0.017 | 0.023 | 0.001* | 1.000 | 0.171 | 0.153 |
| Restrictions on eating, drinking, and entertainment for work | 269 | 33.6 | 419 | 52.4 | 434 | 54.3 | 339 | 42.4 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.316 | <0.001** | <0.001** |
| Enforcement of staggered work | 274 | 34.3 | 378 | 47.3 | 385 | 48.1 | 249 | 31.1 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.63 | 0.554 | <0.001** | <0.001** |
| Encourage telework and telecommuting (including remote work) | 225 | 28.1 | 430 | 53.8 | 410 | 51.3 | 287 | 35.9 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.055 | <0.001** | <0.001** |
| Changing the working environment (desk layout, flow lines, installing vinyl curtains, etc) | 136 | 17.0 | 360 | 45.0 | 450 | 56.3 | 336 | 42.0 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.177 | <0.001** |
| Restrictions on the use of employee cafeterias | 116 | 14.5 | 281 | 35.1 | 268 | 33.5 | 236 | 29.5 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.255 | 0.001* | 0.005* |
| (c) Criteria and procedure for waiting at home and clinical contact | |||||||||||||||
| Request to refrain from going to work when ill | 618 | 77.3 | 679 | 84.9 | 677 | 84.6 | 586 | 73.3 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.025 | 0.923 | <0.001** | <0.001** |
| Report request for fever | 566 | 70.8 | 651 | 81.4 | 653 | 81.6 | 614 | 76.8 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.001* | 0.924 | 0.004* | 0.001* |
| Dissemination of information on home remedies and consultations for COVID‐19 | 494 | 61.8 | 602 | 75.3 | 575 | 71.9 | 498 | 62.3 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.842 | 0.034 | <0.001** | <0.001** |
| Waiting at home if you have a historya of staying abroad | 207 | 25.9 | 304 | 38.0 | 288 | 36.0 | 308 | 38.5 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.253 | 0.833 | 0.157 |
| (d) Temporary leave when infected or pandemic | |||||||||||||||
| Providing information on how to deal with infected cases in the workplace | 466 | 58.3 | 584 | 73.0 | 580 | 72.5 | 468 | 58.5 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.950 | 0.818 | <0.001** | <0.001** |
| Providing information on compensation when waiting at home | 286 | 35.8 | 434 | 54.3 | 442 | 55.3 | 379 | 47.4 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.619 | 0.001** | <0.001** |
| Provision of information on compensation when taking leave due to infection | 273 | 34.1 | 412 | 51.5 | 412 | 51.5 | 381 | 47.6 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 1.000 | 0.057 | 0.048 |
| (e) Information about consideration for high‐risk people | |||||||||||||||
| Consideration for staff who are at high risk of serious illness in case of infection (elderly people, pregnant women, etc.) | 323 | 40.4 | 460 | 57.5 | 449 | 56.1 | 391 | 48.9 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.505 | <0.001** | <0.001** |
| (f) Introduction of reliable information resources | |||||||||||||||
| Announcement of reliable information collection destinations (such as the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare website) | 345 | 43.1 | 424 | 53.0 | 467 | 58.4 | 416 | 52.0 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.003* | 0.655 | 0.001* |
| (g) Information on the duration of special Measures | |||||||||||||||
| Providing information on how long special measures will be taken | 272 | 34.0 | 433 | 54.1 | 396 | 49.5 | 357 | 44.6 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.023 | <0.001** | 0.014 |
| Implementation of any of the 23 preventive measures | 773 | 96.6 | 792 | 99.0 | 794 | 99.3 | 786 | 98.3 | <0.001†† | <0.001** | <0.001** | 0.037 | 0.727 | 0.210 | 0.057 |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.
COVID‐19: Coronavirus disease 2019.
a
The item was not restricted to any countries or any period about the history of staying abroad.
†
P <.05, †† P <.01 for Cochran's Q test. *P <.008, **P <.001 for McNemar test.