Table 2.
Studies in which Bayesian analysis showed potential benefit despite reporting a p value greater than 0·05 with frequentist analysis
| Manuscript Name | Unadjusted Mortality Result (intervention versus control) |
P value | Median Posterior ARR (95% credible interval) |
Threshold value for treatment effect defining clinically important benefit estimated by authors |
Posterior Probability (uninformative prior) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minimum clinically important difference |
NNT implied by MCID* |
ARR ≥ MCID | ARR ≤ 0 | ||||
| Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation vs. Oxygen Therapy on Mortality Among Immunocompromised Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure45 | 28-day mortality 24% (non-invasive ventilation) vs. 27% (oxygen therapy) |
0.47 | 3.2% (−5.6 to 12%) | 3% | 33 | 52% | 24% |
| Permissive Underfeeding or Standard Enteral Feeding in Critically Ill Adults52 | 90-day mortality 27% (underfeeding) vs. 29% (standard) |
0.58 | 1.7% (−4.2 to 7.6%) | 1.5% | 67 | 52% | 29% |
| Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs. a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma53 | 30-day mortality 22% (1:1:1) vs. 26% (1:1:2:O |
0.24 | 3.8% (−2.6 to 10%) | 3% | 33 | 60% | 12% |
| Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Setting in Adults With Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome54 | 28-day mortality 28% (high PEEP) vs. 31% (low PEEP) |
0.31 | 3.4% (−3.1 to 9.8%) | 2.5% | 40 | 60% | 15% |
| Vasopressin versus norepinephrine infusion in patients with septic shock55 | 28-day mortality 35% (vasopressin) vs. 39% (norepinephrine) |
0.26 | 3.9% (−2.9 to 11%) | 2.5% | 40 | 66% | 13% |
| Prednisolone (or Pentoxifylline) for Alcoholic Hepatitis56 | 28-day mortality 14% (prednisolone) vs. 18% (placebo) |
0.07 | 4.2% (−0.3 to 8.6%) | 2.5% | 40 | 77% | 3% |
| Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome25 | 60-day mortality 35% (ECMO) vs. 46% (usual care) |
0.10 | 10.1% (−2.0 to 22%) | 5.5% | 18 | 77% | 5% |
| Amiodarone, Lidocaine, or Placebo in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest57 | Hospital mortality 76% (amiodarone) vs. 79% (placebo) |
0.07 | 3.4% (−0.2 to 7.1%) | 2% | 50 | 77% | 3% |
| Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome58 | 90-day mortality 32% (neuromuscular blocker) vs. 41% (usual care) | 0.08 | 9.1% (−1.1 to 19%) | 4% | 25 | 84% | 4% |
| Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock59 | 28-day mortality 49%(norepinephrine) vs. 53% (dopamine) |
0.10 | 4.0% (−0.8 to 8.8%) | 1.5% | 67 | 84% | 5% |
| Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Mortality and Ventilator-Free Days in Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation With Sepsis60 | 28-day mortality 23% vs. 31% | 0.14 | 8.7% (−2.9 to 20%) | 2.5% | 40 | 85% | 7% |
| Early lactate-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients61 | Hospital mortality 34% (lactate-guided) vs. 44% (usual care) |
0.07 | 9.6% (0 to 20%) | 2% | 50 | 93% | 3% |
*
Computed from estimated minimum clinically important difference (NNT = 100/MCID)
This table shows information about the studies where Bayesian analysis showed potential benefit despite frequentist analysis having a p-value > 0.05.