Comparison 1. Fluoride toothpaste versus placebo.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 D(M)FS increment (prevented fraction) ‐ nearest to 3 years (70 trials)			Other data	No numeric data
2 D(M)FT increment (prevented fraction) ‐ nearest to 3 years (53 trials)			Other data	No numeric data
3 D(M)FS increment (SMD) ‐ nearest to 3 years (70 trials)	70	42300	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.31 [‐0.35, ‐0.27]
4 D(M)FT increment (SMD) ‐ nearest to 3 years (53 trials)	53	32371	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.28 [‐0.33, ‐0.23]
5 Developing one or more new caries (6 trials)	7	2878	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.80, 1.04]
6 Acquiring extrinsic tooth staining (5 trials)	5	3948	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.24 [0.19, 0.30]