Hanachowicz 1984.

Methods	Stratified random allocation; double‐blind (A); placebo‐controlled; 28% drop out after 3 years (study duration = 3 years). Natural losses and exclusions based on compliance; no differential group losses.
Participants	945 children analysed at 3 years (available at final examination and cooperative). Age range at start: 10‐12 years. Surfaces affected at start: 5.4 DMFS. Background exposure to fluoride: none reported. Year study began: 1979. Location: France.
Interventions	FT versus PL (SMFP group = 1500 ppm F). Home use/unsupervised, daily frequency assumed. Abrasive system: Al oxide trihydrate.
Outcomes	3yNetDMFS increment ‐ (E)(CA)cl+xr. Reported at 3 years follow up. DMFT. DMFS (U). O‐DMFS. MD‐DMFS. BL‐DMFS. premolarDMFT. premolarDMFS. Proportion of children with new caries.
Notes	Participants randomised (N = 1318). Baseline characteristics (DMFS) 'balanced'. Clinical (VT) caries assessment by two examiners; diagnostic threshold = CA; radiographic assessment (2 postBW) by one examiner; diagnostic threshold NR. State of tooth eruption included = E/U. Consistency of clinical and x‐ray diagnosis assessed by duplicate examinations of 6% sample (inter‐examiner reproducibility ratios 0.24 for clinical and 0.13 for x‐ray; intra‐examiner reproducibility 0.27 for clinical and 0.14 for x‐ray).
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	B ‐ Unclear