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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 14.
Published in final edited form as: Criminology. 2019 Sep 13;58(1):35–69. doi: 10.1111/1745-9125.12227

Figure 1. Cumulative Risk of Suspension for Whites and Racial Minorities in PROSPER and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort.

Figure 1.

NOTES: PROSPER N=766 students (unweighted) with some variation across waves. NLSY97 N=8,984 youth, but 380 excluded due to unknown urban/rural status. Grades 6, 7, 8, and 9 in PROSPER correspond to ages 12, 13, 14, and 15 in the NLSY97. NLSY97 data are weighted to represent adolescents at each age nationally. Urban/rural defined by Census, based on respondent’s 1997 residence. PROSPER includes disproportionately more Hispanics and fewer blacks than NLSY97.