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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 14.
Published in final edited form as: Criminology. 2019 Sep 13;58(1):35–69. doi: 10.1111/1745-9125.12227

Table 3.

Results of Within-Individual, Fixed-Effects Linear Regression Models: Changes in Three Measures of Perceptions of Peer Exclusion Associated with Suspension

Model Suspension Add Control Variables

b (SE) b (SE)

Panel A: Student-Perceived Loneliness at School
School suspension (ref: Never suspended in study)
 Suspended by current wave .04 (.13) −.05 (.12)
 Suspended more than once by current wave .12 (.14) .03 (.14)
Panel B: Student-Perceived Poor Relationships with School Friends
School suspension (ref: Never suspended in study)
 Suspended by current wave .26 ** (.09) .22 * (.09)
 Suspended more than once by current wave .36 ** (.13) .28 * (.13)
Panel C: Parent-Perceived Rejection by School Friends
School suspension (ref: Never suspended in study)
 Suspended by current wave .22 ** (.07) .22 ** (.09)
 Suspended more than once by current wave .30 ** (.09) .27 ** (.09)

NOTES: PROSPER sample limited to observations of in-home survey participants meeting the following criteria: attending participating school district, participated in the in-school survey, valid data on suspension. N = 2,373 observations from 766 students. Suspension observed beginning fall of sixth grade. Results for controls are omitted for brevity. Each outcome variable is measured on a 5-point Likert scale. Results are combined across 20 multiply imputed datasets.

ABBREVIATIONS: b = unstandardized regression coefficient; SE = robust standard error; ref = reference

**

p<.01

*

p<.05 (two-tailed)