Appendix E.
Summary Statistics for Explanatory Variables Used in Analyses, Including Overall, Between-Individual, and Within-Individual Standard Deviations
| Variable | Overall | Decomposed | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| M | SD | Between SD | Within SD | |
|
| ||||
| School suspension (ref: Never suspended in study) | ||||
| Suspended by current wave | 0.07 | 0.26 | 0.23 | 0.15 |
| Suspended more than once by current wave | 0.08 | 0.27 | 0.25 | 0.12 |
| School Absence (ref: Never Missed 7+ days) | ||||
| Missed 7+ days of school in a year since fall of 6th grade | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 0.24 |
| Missed 7+ days of school in a year more than once since fall of 6th grade | 0.14 | 0.34 | 0.26 | 0.20 |
| Weakened Institutional Attachment | ||||
| Low school attachment current wave (1 to 5) | 2.25 | 0.86 | 0.73 | 0.48 |
| Low academic achievement current wave (z-score) | 0.00 | 1.01 | 0.95 | 0.43 |
| Control Variables | ||||
| Male (ref: Female) | 0.48 | — | — | — |
| Nonwhite (ref: Non-Hispanic white) | 0.12 | — | — | — |
| Nominations made last wave no longer in school/study (log) | 0.28 | 0.41 | 0.26 | 0.34 |
| Nominations received last wave no longer in school/study (log) | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.27 | 0.33 |
| Racial composition of nominations made last wave all white | 0.68 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.32 |
| Racial composition of nominations received last wave all white | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.36 | 0.31 |
| Number of students in grade last wave (6 to 470) | 185.12 | 109.46 | 105.41 | 38.91 |
| Transitioned to new school last wave | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.15 | 0.25 |
| Miles to school last wave (log) | 1.25 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.24 |
| Special education services last wave | 0.18 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.21 |
| Structured activities after school last wave (z-score) | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.81 | 0.66 |
| Unstructured socializing after school last wave (z-score) | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.90 | 0.54 |
| Any substance use last wave | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.21 | 0.23 |
| Delinquency variety score last wave (log) | 0.32 | 0.53 | 0.45 | 0.32 |
| Frequency of school misbehavior last wave (log) | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.13 |
| Risk and sensation seeking last wave (1 to 5) | 1.89 | 0.90 | 0.73 | 0.57 |
| Frequency of bully victimization last wave (log) | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.25 | 0.19 |
| Parental discipline last wave (1 to 5) | 3.72 | 0.95 | 0.79 | 0.57 |
| Parental monitoring last wave (1 to 5) | 4.51 | 0.61 | 0.50 | 0.37 |
| Parent education last wave (z-score) | 0.00 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.27 |
| Household income last wave (log) | 10.74 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.37 |
| Parent unemployment last wave | 0.19 | 0.39 | 0.30 | 0.27 |
| Parent ever arrested (ninth grade only) | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.13 |
| Mother relationship transitions last wave (0 to 8) | 1.96 | 1.45 | 1.42 | 0.44 |
| Children in household last wave (0 to 8) | 2.40 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 0.38 |
| Mother depression last wave | 0.22 | 0.42 | 0.34 | 0.27 |
| Religiosity last wave (1 to 6) | 3.83 | 1.75 | 1.59 | 0.82 |
| Years in current residence last wave (0 to 19) | 6.88 | 4.31 | 4.09 | 1.47 |
| Community cohesion last wave (z-score) | −0.01 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.44 |
| Observations | 2,373 | |||
| Students | 766 | |||
NOTES: PROSPER sample limited to observations of in-home survey participants meeting the following criteria: attending participating school district, participated in the in-school survey, valid data on suspension. Control variable for current grade not shown. Results based on first of 20 multiply imputed datasets.
ABBREVIATIONS: M = mean; SD = standard deviation