Table 3. Associations between air pollution score and incident T2D among 461,191 UK Biobank participants.

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value	HR (95% CI)	p-value
Air pollution score per SD	1.17 (1.16, 1.19)	<0.001	1.05 (1.03, 1.07)	<0.001	1.04 (1.02, 1.06)	<0.001
Q1	ref	-	ref	-	ref	-
Q2	1.20 (1.14, 1.27)	<0.001	1.07 (1.02, 1.13)	0.007	1.05 (0.99, 1.10)	0.11
Q3	1.34 (1.28, 1.41)	<0.001	1.11 (1.05, 1.16)	<0.001	1.06 (1.00, 1.11)	0.051
Q4	1.51 (1.44, 1.58)	<0.001	1.15 (1.09, 1.21)	<0.001	1.09 (1.03, 1.15)	0.002
Q5	1.71 (1.63, 1.80)	<0.001	1.16 (1.10, 1.22)	<0.001	1.12 (1.06, 1.19)	<0.001

Model 1: adjusted for age, ethnicity, and sex.

Model 2: Model 1+ Townsend deprivation index, center, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, sedentary hour, and healthy diet score.

Model 3: Model 2+ BMI, SBP, antihypertension meds, high cholesterol, and T2D-GRS.

BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; GRS, genetic risk score; HR, hazard ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2D, type 2 diabetes.