Table 5. Changes in nutrient intake, physical activity, and lifestyle measures.

Measure	Total studies N	Studies reporting significant changes n (%)	Minimum changea (%)	Maximum changea (%)	References
Carbohydrate intake	3	1 (33.3)	0.1	6.7	[29, 30, 32, 40]
Protein intake	3	1 (33.3)	1.3	3.9	[29, 30, 32, 40]
Fat intake	3	1 (33.3)	2.2	24.6	[29, 30, 32, 40]
Fiber intake	3	2 (66.7)	3.6	3.9	[29, 30, 32, 40]
Physical activity level	4	3 (75.0)	8.9	80.3	[27–30, 32, 40]
Step count	3	3 (100.0)	10.6	84.5	[27, 28, 36, 37]
Smoking	1	1 (100.0)	74.9	n/a	[29, 30]
Sleep	1	1 (100.0)	54.8	n/a	[29, 30]

^aminimum and maximum percentage change = (change in measure between pre-post intervention / measure at baseline) * 100%