Table 1. Baseline sample: Participants’ sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health characteristics, by site.
| Variable | Cuba | Dominican Republic | Puerto Rico | Peru urban | Peru rural | Venezuela | Mexico urban | Mexico rural | China urban | China rural | India urban | India rural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Response rate (%) | 94 | 95 | 93 | 80 | 88 | 80 | 84 | 86 | 74 | 96 | 72 | 98 |
| Achieved sample (n) | 2,944 | 2,011 | 2,009 | 1,381 | 552 | 1,965 | 1,003 | 1,000 | 1,160 | 1,002 | 1,005 | 999 |
| Age in years, mean (SD) | 75.1 (7.0) | 75.3 (7.5) | 76.3 (7.4) | 75.0 (7.4) | 74.2 (7.3) | 72.3 (6.9) | 74.5 (6.6) | 74.1 (6.7) | 73.9 (6.2) | 72.4 (6.0) | 71.3 (6.1) | 72.6 (5.8) |
| Female, n (%) | 1,913/2,944 (65.0) | 1,325/2,009 (65.9) | 1,347/2,003 (67.3) | 888/1,381 (64.3) | 295/552 (53.4) | 1,226/1,932 (63.5) | 666/1,003 (66.4) | 602/1,000 (60.2) | 661/1,160 (57.0) | 556/1,002 (55.5) | 571/990 (57.7) | 545/999 (54.6) |
| Education level, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| No education | 75/2,936 (2.6) | 392/1,992 (19.7) | 72/1,999 (3.6) | 37/1,373 (2.7) | 84/544 (15.4) | 156/1,925 (8.1) | 227/1,001 (22.7) | 327/1,000 (32.7) | 232/1,160 (20.0) | 579/1,002 (57.8) | 428/1,003 (42.7) | 660/999 (66.1) |
| Did not complete primary | 655/2,936 (22.3) | 1,022/1,992 (51.3) | 389/1,999 (19.4) | 90/1,373 (6.6) | 141/544 (25.9) | 445/1,932 (23.1) | 354/1,001 (35.4) | 510/1,000 (51.0) | 153/1,160 (13.2) | 114/1,002 (11.4) | 234/1,003 (23.3) | 195/993 (19.5) |
| Completed primary | 979/2,936 (33.3) | 370/1,992 (18.6) | 415/1,999 (20.7) | 460/1,373 (33.5) | 267/544 (49.1) | 965/1,932 (50.1) | 229/1,001 (22.9) | 122/1,000 (12.2) | 303/1,160 (26.1) | 259/1,002 (25.8) | 212/1,003 (21.1) | 116/993 (11.6) |
| Secondary | 728/2,936 (24.8) | 135/1,992 (6.8) | 713/1,999 (35.5) | 481/1,373 (35.0) | 36/544 (6.6) | 266/1,932 (13.8) | 99/1,001 (9.9) | 25/1,000 (2.5) | 335/1,160 (28.9) | 45/1,002 (4.5) | 87/1,003 (8.7) | 26/993 (2.6) |
| Tertiary | 499/2,936 (17.0) | 73/1,992 (3.7) | 410/1,999 (22.2) | 305/1,373 (2.9) | 16/544 (4.8) | 93/1,932 (9.2) | 92/1,001 (9.2) | 16/1,000 (1.6) | 137/1,160 (11.8) | 5/1,002 (0.5) | 42/1,003 (4.2) | 2/993 (0.2) |
| Occasionally going hungry through lack of food, n (%) | 140/2,933 (4.8) | 240/1,989 (12.1) | 32/1,995 (1.6) | 63/1,365 (4.6) | 74/547 (13.5) | 111/1,862 (6.0) | 39/999 (3.9) | 85/993 (8.6) | 9/1,160 (0.0) | 12/1,002 (1.2) | 207/995 (20.8) | 141/999 (14.1) |
| Central obesity, n (%) | 1,063/2,921 (36.4) | 907/1,986 (45.7) | 871/1,605 (54.3) | 602/1,364 (44.1) | 214/550 (38.9) | 714/1,518 (47.0) | 568/992 (57.3) | 406/988 (41.1) | 530/1,149 (46.1) | 158/1,002 (15.8) | 174/990 (17.6) | 92/956 (9.6) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Never smoked | 1,612/2,936 (54.9) | 1,049/2,009 (52.2) | 1,454/2,002 (72.6) | 1,119/1,374 (81.4) | 482/551 (87.5) | 1,061/1,900 (55.8) | 648/1,003 (64.6) | 729/1,000 (72.9) | 875/1,160 (75.4) | 666/1,002 (66.5) | 730/997 (73.2) | 469/999 (46.9) |
| Ex-smoker | 759/2,936 (25.9) | 711/2,009 (35.4) | 444/2,002 (22.1) | 201/1,374 (14.6) | 55/551 (10.0) | 624/1,900 (32.8) | 246/1,003 (24.5) | 200/1,000 (20.0) | 92/1,160 (7.9) | 31/1,002 (3.1) | 86/997 (8.6) | 42/999 (4.2) |
| Current smoker | 565/2,936 (19.2) | 249/2,009 (12.4) | 104/2,002 (5.2) | 54/1,374 (3.9) | 14/551 (2.5) | 215/1,900 (11.3) | 109/1,003 (10.9) | 71/1,000 (7.1) | 193/1,160 (16.6) | 305/1,002 (30.4) | 181/997 (18.2) | 488/999 (48.8) |
| Diabetes—self-reported physician diagnosis, n (%) | 543/2,928 (18.5) | 281/2,007 (14.0) | 642/2,002 (32.1) | 119/1,371 (8.7) | 54/551 (9.8) | 309/1,926 (16.0) | 246/1,002 (24.6) | 189/1,000 (18.9) | 195/1,159 (16.8) | 9/1,002 (0.9) | 121/1,004 (12.1) | 66/999 (6.6) |
| Hypertension—meets WHO/ISH criteria and/or self-reported physician diagnosis, n (%) | 2,173/2,940 (73.9) | 1,537/2,000 (76.9) | 1,501/1,880 (79.8) | 725/1,378 (52.6) | 235/551 (42.6) | 1,423/1,789 (79.5) | 694/1,003 (69.2) | 565/998 (56.6) | 734/1,155 (63.5) | 570/1,002 (56.9) | 687/1,001 (68.6) | 445/976 (45.6) |
| Self-reported stroke, n (%) | 230/2,935 (7.8) | 175/2,005 (8.7) | 168/2,001 (8.4) | 112/1,373 (8.2) | 20/550 (3.6) | 135/1,920 (7.0) | 67/1,003 (6.7) | 74/1,000 (7.4) | 109/1,160 (9.4) | 18/1,002 (1.8) | 20/1,004 (2.0) | 11/988 (1.1) |
| 10/66 DRG dementia diagnosis, n (%) | 316/2,931 (10.7) | 235/2,011 (11.7) | 233/1,998 (11.6) | 129/1,376 (9.4) | 36/552 (6.5) | 140/1,964 (7.1) | 86/1,003 (8.6) | 85/1,000 (8.5) | 81/1,160 (7.0) | 56/1,002 (5.6) | 75/1,005 (7.5) | 106/999 (10.6) |
| ICD-10 depressive episode, n (%) | 144/2,936 (4.9) | 278/1,937 (13.8) | 47/2,003 (2.3) | 87/1,376 (6.3) | 16/536 (2.9) | 107/1,928 (5.5) | 47/998 (4.7) | 45/992 (4.5) | 3/1,157 (0.3) | 7/998 (0.7) | 39/986 (3.9) | 126/999 (12.6) |
| >3 physical impairments, n (%) | 292/2,938 (9.9) | 465/2,009 (23.1) | 429/2,003 (21.4) | 224/1,380 (16.2) | 40/550 (7.3) | 489/1,932 (24.9) | 158/1,003 (15.8) | 185/1,000 (18.5) | 208/1,160 (17.9) | 39/1,002 (3.9) | 41/1,004 (4.1) | 168/999 (16.8) |
Variation in denominators accounted for by participants with missing data.
10/66 DRG, 10/66 Dementia Research Group; ISH, International Society of Hypertension; SD, standard deviation.