Table 1.

Unimodal benchmark functions.

Function	Dim	Range	F min
F1(x)=∑i=1nxi2	30	[−100, 100]	0
F2(x)=∑i=1n|xi|+∏i=1n|xi|	30	[−10, 10]	0
F3(x)=∑i=1n(∑j−1ixj)2	30	[−100, 100]	0
F4(x)=maxi{|xi|, 1 ≤ i ≤ n}	30	[−100, 100]	0
F5(x)=∑i=1n−1[100(xi+1 − xi2)2+(xi − 1)2]	30	[−30, 30]	0
F6(x)=∑i=1n(xi+5)2	30	[−100, 100]	0
F7(x)=∑i=1nixi4+random[0,1)	30	[−1.28, 1.28]	0