Table 4.

Parameter settings for the comparative algorithms.

Algorithm	Parameters
SMA [35]	z = 0.03
SSA [27]	c1 = [1, 0]; c2 ∈ [0, 1]; c3 ∈ [0, 1]
AO [24]	U = 0.00565; r1 = 10; ω = 0.005; α = 0.1; δ = 0.1; G1 ∈ [−1, 1]; G2 = [2, 0]
AOA [15]	α = 5; μ = 0.5;
WOA [22]	a1 = [2, 0]; a2 = [−1, −2]; b = 1
SCA [14]	a = [2, 0]
MVO [10]	WEP ∈ [0.2, 1]; TDR ∈ [0, 1]; r1, r2, r3 ∈ [0, 1]