Table 1.
Change in the score of the BDI-II, NMSS mood/apathy domain, PDQ-39 emotional well‐being domain, and other scales of the study from V1 (baseline) to V4 (6 months ± 15 days)
| V1 | N (V1) | V4 | N (V4) | ∆V1–V4 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor assessment | ||||||
| H&Y-OFF | 2.5 [2, 3] | 46 | NA | |||
| H&Y-ON | 2 [2, 2.5] | 49 | NA | |||
| UPDRS-III-ON | 24.63 ± 9.12 | 48 | 20.21 ± 9.81 | 39 | − 17.90% | 0.009 |
| UPDRS-IV | 3.82 ± 2.55 | 50 | 2.82 ± 2.38 | 34 | − 125.40% | 0.188 |
| FOGQ | 6.10 ± 5.23 | 48 | 5.68 ± 4.96 | 44 | − 16.90% | 0.24 |
| Non motor assessment | ||||||
| NMSS total score | 97.48 ± 43.7 | 50 | 59.91 ± 35.49 | 44 | − 138.50% | < 0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular | 9.58 ± 2.46 | 50 | 6.72 ± 11.94 | 44 | − 129.90% | 0.268 |
| Sleep/fatigue | 36.08 ± 21.77 | 50 | 23.15 ± 18.12 | 44 | − 135.80% | 0.002 |
| Mood/apathy | 34.42 ± 29.89 | 50 | 14.49 ± 19.63 | 44 | − 157.90% | < 0.0001 |
| Perceptual symptoms | 4.33 ± 8.67 | 50 | 2.84 ± 5.88 | 44 | − 134.40% | 0.63 |
| Attention/memory | 17.5 ± 17.09 | 50 | 13.32 ± 18.19 | 44 | − 123.90% | 0.026 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 19.61 ± 18.01 | 50 | 13.13 ± 13.39 | 44 | − 133.00% | 0.01 |
| Urinary symptoms | 42.72 ± 30.41 | 50 | 30.62 ± 23.94 | 44 | − 128.30% | 0.003 |
| Sexual dysfunction | 28.25 ± 35.69 | 50 | 25.28 ± 33.58 | 44 | − 110.50% | 0.784 |
| Miscellaneous | 33.33 ± 20.73 | 50 | 18.99 ± 14.03 | 44 | − 143.00% | < 0.0001 |
| ESS | 9.2 ± 5.64 | 49 | 6.93 ± 5.11 | 44 | − 124.70% | 0.012 |
| PSQI | 10.43 ± 4.02 | 47 | 8.36 ± 4.41 | 42 | − 119.80% | 0.001 |
| BDI-II | 15.88 ± 10.46 | 50 | 10.18 ± 6.76 | 44 | − 135.90% | < 0.0001 |
| Mood condition | 50 | 44 | 0.021 | |||
| Major depression (%) | 52 | 31.8 | ||||
| Minor depression (%) | 34 | 34.1 | ||||
| Subthreshold depression (%) | 12 | 22.7 | ||||
| Non-depression (%) | 2 | 11.4 | ||||
| KPPS | 40.04 ± 36.18 | 48 | 22.6 ± 21.42 | 44 | − 143.60% | < 0.0001 |
| VAS-PAIN | 4.61 ± 3.22 | 49 | 3.67 ± 2.69 | 43 | − 120.40% | 0.071 |
| VAFS—Physical | 4.18 ± 2.84 | 49 | 3.64 ± 2.55 | 44 | − 112.90% | 0.293 |
| VAFS—Mental | 3.14 ± 2.65 | 49 | 2.45 ± 2.79 | 44 | − 121.90% | 0.118 |
| QoL and autonomy | ||||||
| PDQ-39SI | 30.07 ± 17.61 | 49 | 21.24 ± 13.48 | 44 | − 129.40% | < 0.0001 |
| Mobility | 34.55 ± 27.79 | 49 | 29.09 ± 26.85 | 44 | − 115.80% | 0.037 |
| Activities of daily living | 26.5 ± 23.94 | 49 | 17.8 ± 17.96 | 44 | − 132.80% | 0.014 |
| Emotional well-being | 44.3 ± 29.34 | 49 | 26.33 ± 23.01 | 44 | − 140.60% | < 0.0001 |
| Stigmatization | 15.82 ± 22.79 | 49 | 7.67 ± 13.13 | 44 | − 151.50% | 0.021 |
| Social support | 7.48 ± 16.51 | 49 | 3.59 ± 12.63 | 44 | − 152.00% | 0.302 |
| Cognition | 27.17 ± 22 | 49 | 23.72 ± 22.49 | 44 | − 112.70% | 0.876 |
| Communication | 20.07 ± 26.73 | 49 | 12.12 ± 15.19 | 44 | − 139.60% | 0.203 |
| Pain and discomfort | 44.56 ± 27.35 | 49 | 33.33 ± 19.93 | 44 | − 125.20% | 0.018 |
| ADLS | 81.40 ± 11.78 | 50 | 80.91 ± 16.39 | 44 | − 10.60% | 0.845 |
p values were computed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank or the marginal homogeneity test. The results represent mean ± SD, median [p25, p75] or percentage. Domains of the NMSS and PDQ-39SI were expressed as a percentage. Significant values are in bold
ADLS Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, FOGQ Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, H&Y Hoenh & Yahr, KPPS King’s PD Pain Scale, NMSS Non-Motor Symptoms Scale, NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory, PDQ-39SI 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, VAFS Visual Analog Fatigue Scale, VAS-PAIN Visual Analog Scale-Pain, NA not applicable