. 2021 Aug 9;41(9):2225–2234. doi: 10.1038/s41372-021-01100-y

Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population.

	Cohort 1						Cohort 2
	Baseline		1-month post		6-month post		Baseline		Waitlist^a		1-month post		6-month post
	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Total	182	100.0	100	100.0	78	100.0	208	100.0	233	100.0	176	100.0	146	100.0
Sex
Male	20	11.0	13	13.0	6	7.7	8	3.8	6	2.6	6	3.4	^c
Female	162	89.0	87	87.0	72	92.3	200	96.2	172	73.8	149	84.7	129	88.4
Race/ethnicity^b
White	126	69.2	74	74.0	57	73.1	182	87.5	199	85.4	154	87.5	132	90.4
Hispanic	14	7.7	6	6.0	^c		7	3.4	11	4.7	7	4.0	^c
African American	6	3.3	^c		^c		9	4.3	11	4.7	7	4.0	^c
Asian	34	18.7	14	14.0	14	17.9	9	4.3	8	3.4	6	3.4	^c
Typical Shift
Days	111	61.0	57	57.0	47	60.3	114	54.8	95	40.8	91	51.7	75	51.4
Evenings/nights	31	17.0	16	16.0	13	16.7	54	26.0	49	21.0	33	18.8	33	22.6
Variable	40	22.0	27	27.0	18	23.1	40	19.2	34	14.6	31	17.6	25	17.1
Healthcare worker role
Physician^d	48	26.4	31	31.0	22	28.2	31	14.9	33	14.2	28	15.9	20	13.7
Nurse^e	97	53.3	49	49.0	42	53.8	140	67.3	162	69.5	113	64.2	102	69.9
APP^f	9	4.9	^c		^c		12	5.8	12	5.2	9	5.1	6	4.1
Others^g	28	15.4	16	16.0	12	15.4	25	12.0	25	10.7	26	14.8	17	11.6
Work experience in current position
<1 year	25	13.7	14	14.0	8	10.3	28	13.5	12	5.2	19	10.8	11	7.5
1–10 years	91	50.0	46	46.0	35	44.9	114	54.8	106	45.5	83	47.2	80	54.8
≥11 years	66	36.3	40	40.0	35	44.9	66	31.7	60	25.8	53	30.1	42	28.8
Outcome (% concerning)^h
Emotional exhaustion	60.2		46.5		50.0		59.0		55.2		47.2		49.7
Depression	39.4		35.5		20.6		34.9		34.2		23.4		25.4
Work-life integration	40.7		40.0		35.9		37.0		41.6		42.1		40.4
Happiness	55.3		40.0		33.3		52.2		47.6		32.4		28.1

^aUpdated baseline for waitlist control.

^bAcross cohorts 5 individuals reported other race/ethnicity.

^cCategories with ≤5 individuals are not reported in order to protect subject privacy. Data may not add up to 100% due to missing data.

^dPhysician includes attending and fellow physicians.

^eNurse includes a registered nurse, nurse manager, and charge nurse.

^fAdvance practice provider (APP) includes physician assistant and nurse practitioner.

^gOther roles include therapist (e.g., respiratory, physical, occupational, and speech therapist), administrative support (e.g., clerk, secretary, and receptionist), clinical support (e.g., CMA, nurses aid), pharmacist, clinical social worker, manager, dietician/nutritionist, student, and others.

^hPercent concerning rates were calculated using previously published thresholds.