Table 2.
Factorsa Believed to Cause Child’s Developmental Delays by Diagnostic Status (ASD vs. non-ASD-DD) and Vaccine Hesitancy Status (Hesitant vs. Not Hesitant)
| Diagnostic Status | Vaccine Hesitancy Statusb | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor Believed to Cause Developmental Delays | Total N = 89 | ASD n = 68 (76.4%) | Non-ASD-DD n = 21 (23.6%) | p-value | Vaccine Hesitant n = 21 (23.6%) | Not Vaccine Hesitant n = 68 (76.4%) | p-valuec |
| General Life Stress | 31/87 (35.6%) | 21/67 (31.3%) | 10/20 (50.0%) | 0.18 | 10/21 (47.6%) | 21/66 (31.8%) | 0.20 |
| Genetics | 62/86 (72.1%) | 47/66 (71.2%) | 15/20 (75.0%) | 1.00 | 13/20 (65.0%) | 49/66 (74.2%) | 0.41 |
| A Germ or Virus | 8/86 (9.3%) | 8/66 (12.1%) | 0/20 (0%) | 0.19 | 2/21 (9.5%) | 6/65 (9.2%) | 1.00 |
| Diet or Eating Habits | 15/86 (17.4%) | 10/66 (15.2%) | 5/20 (25.0%) | 0.33 | 6/20 (30.0%) | 9/66 (13.6%) | 0.10 |
| Chance or Bad Luck | 17/87 (19.5%) | 15/67 (22.4%) | 2/20 (10.0%) | 0.34 | 2/21 (9.5%) | 15/66 (22.7%) | 0.22 |
| Poor Medical Care in Past | 9/87 (10.3%) | 5/67 (7.5%) | 4/20 (20.0%) | 0.20 | 1/21 (4.8%) | 8/66 (12.1%) | 0.45 |
| Environmental Pollution | 19/87 (21.8%) | 16/67 (23.9%) | 3/20 (15.0%) | 0.54 | 8/21 (38.1%) | 11/66 (16.7%) | 0.07 |
| My Own Behavior or Decisions | 15/87 (17.2%) | 10/67 (14.9%) | 5/20 (25.0%) | 0.32 | 5/21 (23.8%) | 10/66 (15.2%) | 0.34 |
| In Utero Stress or Accident | 35/88 (39.8%) | 27/67 (40.3%) | 8/21 (38.1%) | 1.00 | 9/21 (42.9%) | 26/67 (38.8%) | 0.80 |
| Mental Attitude/Negative Views | 7/85 (8.2%) | 6/65 (9.2%) | 1/20 (5.0%) | 1.00 | 2/19 (10.5%) | 5/66 (7.6%) | 0.65 |
| Family Worries About Developmental Difficulties | 12/87 (13.8%) | 7/67 (10.4%) | 5/20 (25.0%) | 0.14 | 3/21 (14.3%) | 9/66 (13.6%) | 1.00 |
| Will of God | 32/87 (36.8%) | 25/67 (37.3%) | 7/20 (35.0%) | 1.00 | 12/21 (57.1%) | 20/66 (30.3%) | 0.04 |
| My Own Emotional State | 19/85 (22.4%) | 15/66 (22.7%) | 4/19 (21.1%) | 1.00 | 8/21 (38.1%) | 11/64 (17.2%) | 0.07 |
| My or My Partner’s Age | 10/87 (11.5%) | 5/67 (7.5%) | 5/20 (25.0%) | 0.05 | 4/21 (19.0%) | 6/66 (9.1%) | 0.25 |
| My Own Alcohol Consumption | 4/87 (4.6%) | 3/67 (4.5%) | 1/20 (5.0%) | 1.00 | 1/21 (4.8%) | 3/66 (4.5%) | 1.00 |
| My Own Tobacco Consumption | 2/86 (2.3%) | 1/66 (1.5%) | 1/20 (5.0%) | 0.41 | 0/21 (0%) | 2/65 (3.1%) | 1.00 |
| Accident or Injury | 6/87 (6.9%) | 5/67 (7.5%) | 1/20 (5.0%) | 1.00 | 1/21 (4.8%) | 5/66 (7.6%) | 1.00 |
| My Child’s Brain Structure | 49/87 (56.3%) | 38/67 (56.7%) | 11/20 (55.0%) | 1.00 | 12/21 (57.1%) | 37/66 (56.1%) | 1.00 |
| Deterioration of My Child’s Immunity | 12/86 (14.0%) | 11/66 (16.7%) | 1/20 (5.0%) | 0.28 | 5/20 (25.0%) | 7/66 (10.6%) | 0.14 |
| Toxins Found in Vaccines/Immunizations | 20/87 (23.0%) | 19/67 (28.4%) | 1/20 (5.0%) | 0.03 | 13/21 (61.9%) | 7/66 (10.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Stress at Birth | 33/86 (38.4%) | 25/66 (37.9%) | 8/20 (40.0%) | 1.00 | 10/20 (50.0%) | 23/66 (34.8%) | 0.29 |
Note. Factors believed to cause developmental delays are from the IPQ-R.
a
Denotes Agreement or Strong Agreement with specified factor as a cause for children’s developmental delays/differences.
b
Vaccine hesitant = PACV score ≥ 50; not vaccine hesitant = PACV score < 50.
c
Variables that were significantly different between diagnostic groups or hesitancy groups at the 0.10 level in the univariate analysis were simultaneously included in a multiple logistic regression.