Table 1:
Characteristics of Individuals with Advanced Dementia Living at Home and Their Primary Caregivers Categorized by Amount of Paid Care Received (n=338 observations)a
| Full Sample | No Paid Care | Part-time Paid Care: <40 Hours/week | Full-time Paid Care: ≥40 Hours/week | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample, N Observations (% of sample) | 338 | 177 (52%) | 101 (30%) | 60 (18%) |
| Individual with Dementia | ||||
| Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Functional Characteristics | ||||
| Age, Mean (SD) | 83.1 (8.5) | 83.5 (7.8) | 82.1 (9.1) | 83.7 (9.3) |
| Female, % | 62.8 | 65.9 | 54.4 | 68.1 |
| White Non-Hispanic, % | 67.4 | 61.7 | 75.0 | 69.3 |
| ≥ High School Education, % | 61.1 | 51.9** | 75.6** | 61.0 |
| Income, 2015 Median | 19,656 | 19,300.0 | 19,418.3 | 21,726 |
| Medicaid, % | 35.7 | 36.7 | 32.1 | 39.1 |
| Long-term Care Insurance, % | 15.4 | 12.8 | 13.8 | 24.4 |
| Living Children, Mean (SD) | 3.4 (2.3) | 3.9*†† (2.5) | 3.1* (2.0) | 2.7†† (1.9) |
| Married, % | 38.4 | 37.5 | 39.0 | 39.6 |
| Interview Conducted with Proxy, % | 74.0 | 70.4 | 75.9 | 79.5 |
| ADLb Impairment, Mean (SD) | 5.5 (0.8) | 5.4†† (0.9) | 5.5‡ (0.7) | 5.8††‡ (0.5) |
| IADLc Impairment, Mean (SD) | 4.9 (0.5) | 4.8 (0.5) | 4.9 (0.5) | 4.9 (0.4) |
| Medical Conditions, Mean (SD) | 5.3 (2.2) | 5.7 (2.3) | 5.1 (2.0) | 5.0 (1.9) |
| Hospital Stay in Last Year, % | 54.6 | 56.7 | 46.0 | 62.7 |
| Caregiving Arrangements | ||||
| Total Caregivers, Mean (SD) | 3.3 (1.7) | 2.6**†† (1.5) | 3.8** (1.5) | 4.2†† (1.7) |
| Family Caregivers, Mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.5 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.3 (1.3) |
| Paid Caregivers, Mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.9) | n/a | 1.3‡‡ (0.5) | 1.9‡‡ (1.0) |
| Hours/week Total Care, Mean (SD) | 122.6 (79.8) | 112.2†† (71.8) | 111.7‡‡ (84.0) | 163.9††‡‡ (78.7) |
| Hours/week Paid Care, Mean (SD) | 23.7 (43.3) | n/a | 14.0‡‡ (11.4) | 94.9‡‡ (49.6) |
| Paid Caregiver Paid by Self/family | 25.2 | n/a | 49.9 | 55.3 |
| Primary Caregiver | ||||
| Age, Mean, (SD) | 62.2 (12.0) | 60.7 (12.8) | 63.1 (10.2) | 64.6 (12.1) |
| Female, % | 72.6 | 74.8 | 70.8 | 70.1 |
| Worked for Pay in the Last Month, % | 27.6 | 23.6 | 31.5 | 31.1 |
| Self-report Health Fair/poor, % | 23.4 | 28.2 | 21.5 | 15.1 |
| Child of Individual With Dementia | 60.0 | 65.8 | 55.6 | 52.8 |
| Co-resides With Individual With Dementia | 74.7 | 77.3 | 77.7 | 64.2 |
| Hours/week Care Provided, Mean (SD) | 49.2 (42.7) | 58.0*†† (45.8) | 44.6* (36.0) | 35.8†† (40.6) |
a
Significance of group-wise comparisons:
No paid care versus part-time paid care:
*
p<0.05
**
p<0.01
No paid care versus full-time paid care:
†
p<0.05
††
p<0.01
Part-time paid care versus full-time paid care:
‡
p<0.05
‡‡
p<0.01
b
Six ADLs evaluated: eating, getting out of bed, showering, toileting, dressing, getting around inside