Box 2.

Tools to empower patients

• Recognise patients' expertise, values, and preferences
• Offer informed choice, not passive consent
• Training in shared decision making
• Evidence based decision aids for patients
• Public education on interpreting clinical evidence
• Patient access to electronic health records
• Surveys of patients' experience to prioritise quality improvements
• Openness and empathy with patients (or parents) after medical errors have occurred
• Public access to comparative data on quality and outcomes