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. 2021 Sep 1;9:733557. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.733557

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Copyright © 2021 Puchwein-Schwepcke, Genzel-Boroviczény and Nussbaum.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of the glycocalyx covering the endothelial cells of a blood vessel. The main membrane bound components of the EG include proteoglycans (e.g., syndecans and glypicans) with long glycosaminoglycan side-chains (GAGs) and glycoproteins (e.g., selectins and integrins). Hyaluronan, plasma proteins and soluble proteoglycans are integrated into the glycocalyx forming the so called endothelial surface layer. The EG is an important regulator of vascular function and homeostasis, and shedding of the EG has been suggested in different conditions and disease states in the pediatric population including cardiac surgery, trauma, infectious diseases and diabetes mellitus. Note: dimensions in the figure are not drawn to scale. The figure was created with Bio.Render.com.