Table 1.
List of DESs prepared in this study.
| No. | Abbreviation | Component A | Component B | Component C | Molar ratio (mol/mol) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ChCl-MA | Choline chloride | Malic acid | – | 1:1 |
| 2 | ChCl-Prop | Choline chloride | 1,2-Propanediol | – | 1:2 |
| 3 | ChCl-Glu | Choline chloride | Glucose | – | 5:2 |
| 4 | ChCl-Xyl | Choline chloride | Xylitol | – | 1:1 |
| 5 | ChCl-LA | Choline chloride | Lactic acid | – | 1:2 |
| 6 | ChCl-Gly | Choline chloride | Glycerol | – | 1:2 |
| 7 | ChCl-LevA | Choline chloride | Levulinic acid | – | 1:2 |
| 8 | ChCl-Oxa | Choline chloride | Oxalic acid | – | 1:1 |
| 9 | ChCl-MetA | Choline chloride | Methanoic acid | – | 1:1 |
| 10 | ChCl-MA-Xyl | Choline chloride | Malic acid | Xylitol | 1:1:1 |
| 11 | ChCl-MA-Pro | Choline chloride | Malic acid | L-Proline | 1:1:1 |
| 12 | ChCl-Urea-Prop | Choline chloride | Urea | 1,2-Propanediol | 1:1:1 |
| 13 | Bet-Gly | Betaine | Glycerol | – | 1:1 |
| 14 | Bet-CA | Betaine | Citric acid | – | 1:1 |
| 15 | Bet-LA | Betaine | Lactic acid | – | 1:2 |
| 16 | Pro-Gly | L-Proline | Glycerol | – | 1:2 |
| 17 | Pro-EthG | L-Proline | Ethylene glycol | – | 1:2 |
| 18 | LA-Glu | Lactic acid | Glucose | – | 1:1.23 |