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. 2021 Sep 1;12:706135. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.706135

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Copyright © 2021 Taverniti, Cesari, Gargari, Rossi, Biddau, Lecchi, Fiore, Arioli, Toschi and Guglielmetti.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bacterial quantification by qPCR in mouse intestinal sites. (A) qPCR experiments performed with the respective strain-specific primers. (B) qPCR experiments performed with pan-bacterial primers. PBS, control mice gavaged with phosphate buffered saline; 23sg, mice gavaged with B. bifidum MIMBb23sg; Lh5, mice gavaged with L. helveticus MIMLh5; DG, mice gavaged with L. paracasei DG. n.d., target not detected with any of the strain-specific primer pairs. Statistics is according to Mann-Whitney U-test; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; n.s., not significant.