Table 2.
Age-dependent analysis – Leading absolute volumetric measurements sorted by effect size (Cohen’s d statistic).
| Region name | Ages 0–5 years L&R: d | Ages 5–10 years L&R: d | Ages 10–15 years L&R: d | Ages 15–20 years L&R: d | MAX ABS(d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inferior lateral ventricle | L(1.4946) R(0.91509) | L(1.5779) R(1.3824) | L(3.2728) R(2.2679) | L(2.3108) R(1.8515) | 3.272842451 |
| Lateral ventricle | L(1.4154) R(1.2448) | L(1.0531) R(0.68878) | L(2.8718) R(1.4104) | L(1.5724) R(0.94024) | 2.871804755 |
| Cerebellum WM | L(−0.94604) R(−1.1902) | L(−1.4894) R(−1.8025) | L(−1.5258) R(−1.8775) | L(−1.8722) R(−2.1152) | 2.115180421 |
| Cerebellar cortex WM | L(−1.6176) R(−1.6287) | L(−2.0299) R(−1.7797) | L(−1.841) R(−1.6847) | L(−1.9589) R(−1.9042) | 2.029942547 |
| Superior part of the precentral sulcus GM | L(−0.31924) R(−0.40641) | L(−0.22471) R(−0.6696) | L(1.9091) R(0.29135) | L(0.2486) R(−0.56702) | 1.909145297 |
| Brainstem | −1.1564 | −1.568 | −1.379 | −1.741 | 1.741029354 |
| Paracentral WM | L(−0.9054) R(−0.72034) | L(−1.2141) R(−1.3405) | L(−1.4318) R(−1.7084) | L(−1.4609) R(−1.5251) | 1.708408681 |
| Choroid plexus | L(0.69619) R(0.68218) | L(1.2122) R(1.0377) | L(1.4943) R(1.6836) | L(1.0811) R(1.704) | 1.704033719 |
| Insula WM | L(−0.54246) R(−0.6554) | L(−1.4245) R(−1.5638) | L(−1.2209) R(−1.0956) | L(−1.3208) R(−1.645) | 1.644979429 |
| Inferior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula GM | L(−0.70291) R(−0.89004) | L(−1.1329) R(−1.4049) | L(−1.5564) R(−1.2692) | L(−1.0502) R(−1.2907) | 1.556355215 |
| Superior frontal WM | L(−0.62528) R(−0.77455) | L(−1.224) R(−1.2099) | L(−0.96694) R(−0.94259) | L(−1.5143) R(−1.2163) | 1.514281309 |
| Lateral orbitofrontal WM | L(−0.59017) R(−0.65456) | L(−1.5059) R(−1.3181) | L(−0.97118) R(−1.0434) | L(−1.3579) R(−1.1111) | 1.505917201 |
| Hippocampus | L(−0.54745) R(−0.7131) | L(−1.4825) R(−1.4472) | L(−1.3209) R(−0.91546) | L(−1.1283) R(−1.0191) | 1.482503063 |
| Lateral aspect of the superior temporal gyrus GM | L(−0.54903) R(−0.82521) | L(−1.3928) R(−1.3383) | L(−1.0053) R(−1.4716) | L(−0.92286) R(−1.0713) | 1.471616645 |
| Putamen | L(−0.17481) R(−0.14853) | L(0.56893) R(0.77608) | L(0.72863) R(0.95416) | L(1.0603) R(1.4685) | 1.468527288 |
| Rostral anterior cingulate GM | L(−0.64489) R(−0.87917) | L(−1.4555) R(−1.2387) | L(−1.0898) R(−0.87017) | L(−1.1582) R(−0.64821) | 1.455525439 |
| Parahippocampal gyrus GM | L(−0.0034482) R(0.10231) | L(−0.11971) R(0.23946) | L(1.4479) R(0.49797) | L(1.0169) R(0.59231) | 1.447922379 |
| Supramarginal gyrus GM | L(−0.50573) R(−0.70025) | L(−0.45229) R(−0.59699) | L(−0.87729) R(−1.4348) | L(−0.30564) R(−0.43076) | 1.434824279 |
| Superior temporal GM | L(−0.59986) R(−0.90335) | L(−1.4336) R(−1.3471) | L(−1.0762) R(−1.2548) | L(−0.80652) R(−0.9651) | 1.433586749 |
| Anterior part of the cingulate gyrus and sulcus GM | L(−0.77609) R(−0.80217) | L(−1.4288) R(−1.1201) | L(−1.2411) R(−0.97951) | L(−1.0524) R(−0.63078) | 1.428842705 |
| Precentral WM | L(−0.81477) R(−0.83052) | L(−0.96969) R(−1.0243) | L(0.076411) R(−0.99735) | L(−1.0587) R(−1.4216) | 1.421592865 |
| Superior temporal WM | L(−0.6813) R(−0.82618) | L(−1.1381) R(−1.3808) | L(−1.2331) R(−1.3866) | L(−1.2751) R(−1.2908) | 1.386649909 |
| Estimated total intracranial volume | −0.63264 | −1.3595 | −0.74553 | −1.0516 | 1.359525481 |
| Transverse temporal GM | L(−0.54361) R(−0.82729) | L(−0.87162) R(−1.2091) | L(−1.3576) R(−1.2763) | L(−0.85351) R(−1.1677) | 1.357581815 |
| Amygdala | L(−0.22923) R(−0.31682) | L(0.48276) R(0.60247) | L(1.105) R(1.3492) | L(0.46611) R(0.78873) | 1.34915885 |
| Postcentral WM | L(−0.80764) R(−0.94511) | L(−1.097) R(−1.1509) | L(−1.0759) R(−1.3114) | L(−1.0716) R(−1.2166) | 1.311356434 |
| Thalamus | L(−0.72224) R(−0.74049) | L(−1.2082) R(−0.75951) | L(−1.2982) R(−0.76484) | L(−1.2453) R(−0.98245) | 1.298174753 |
| Planum temporale GM | L(−0.67024) R(−0.57544) | L(−1.2552) R(−0.87553) | L(−0.9296) R(−0.39078) | L(−0.86722) R(−0.36615) | 1.255177672 |
| Whole brain without ventricles | −0.71092 | −1.2543 | −1.0173 | −0.94989 | 1.254290835 |
| Cuneus WM | L(−0.60031) R(−0.53023) | L(−0.8888) R(−0.92643) | L(−1.2266) R(−0.36222) | L(−1.057) R(−1.1287) | 1.226570793 |
| Cortical WM | L(−0.57015) R(−0.65699) | L(−1.2085) R(−1.1712) | L(−1.084) R(−1.0327) | L(−1.2116) R(−1.1613) | 1.208545094 |
| Whole brain | −0.67566 | −1.2079 | −0.89488 | −0.86489 | 1.207881323 |
| Total cortical WM | −0.61818 | −1.1944 | −1.0613 | −1.1886 | 1.194429529 |
| Caudate | L(0.1911) R(0.25015) | L(−0.00063788) R(0.084725) | L(1.0128) R(1.1801) | L(0.18445) R(0.64524) | 1.18010787 |
| Lateral orbitofrontal GM | L(−0.56728) R(−0.45552) | L(−1.1514) R(−0.77386) | L(−0.59393) R(−0.4269) | L(−0.66505) R(−0.2446) | 1.15137559 |
| Superior parietal WM | L(−0.5974) R(−0.70984) | L(−1.0977) R(−1.1513) | L(−0.86698) R(−0.54841) | L(−0.86573) R(−1.0992) | 1.151278084 |
| Central corpus callosum | −0.43232 | −1.1512 | −0.99217 | −0.99977 | 1.151230544 |
| Brodmann’s area 6 GM | L(−0.62047) R(−0.79394) | L(−0.87774) R(−1.1361) | L(0.29914) R(−0.4708) | L(−0.50574) R(−0.71708) | 1.13608718 |
| Fusiform GM | L(−0.42756) R(−0.49504) | L(−1.1343) R(−1.0125) | L(−0.61961) R(−0.98312) | L(−0.45556) R(−0.57385) | 1.134253903 |
| Anterior transverse temporal gyrus (of Heschl) GM | L(−0.42636) R(−0.75052) | L(−0.78765) R(−1.1314) | L(−1.0277) R(−0.78224) | L(−0.53841) R(−1.0356) | 1.131395233 |
| Total GM | −0.70184 | −1.1076 | −0.79214 | −0.54629 | 1.107586546 |
| Lateral occipito−temporal sulcus GM | L(−0.36848) R(−0.57081) | L(−0.88792) R(−1.0961) | L(−0.6234) R(−0.94113) | L(−0.63684) R(−0.86074) | 1.096074018 |
| Banks of the superior temporal sulcus GM | L(−0.56911) R(−0.73142) | L(−1.0759) R(−0.86864) | L(−0.93724) R(−0.93752) | L(−0.70887) R(−0.47153) | 1.075855164 |
| Insula GM | L(−0.38226) R(−0.60433) | L(−0.81122) R(−1.0526) | L(−0.84888) R(−1.128) | L(−0.65589) R(−1.0412) | 1.052584227 |
| Cerebrum | −0.57925 | −1.0315 | −0.80516 | −0.69666 | 1.031544379 |
| Cerebrum without ventricles | −0.57704 | −1.0293 | −0.80625 | −0.69567 | 1.02932493 |
| Precuneus WM | L(−0.56534) R(−0.5922) | L(−0.74629) R(−1.0237) | L(−0.63747) R(−0.8257) | L(−0.78872) R(−0.9299) | 1.023719086 |
| Superior temporal sulcus (parallel sulcus) GM | L(−0.43361) R(−0.70324) | L(−1.0114) R(−1.0022) | L(−0.46643) R(−1.061) | L(−0.2233) R(−0.55707) | 1.011433063 |
| Medial orbitofrontal WM | L(−0.45367) R(−0.48486) | L(−0.96892) R(−0.88666) | L(−1.0978) R(−0.83128) | L(−1.1112) R(−0.99583) | 0.968916045 |
| Pars triangularis WM | L(−0.64139) R(−0.50908) | L(−0.80471) R(−0.9547) | L(−1.0272) R(−0.16099) | L(−0.99509) R(−0.63724) | 0.954699679 |
| Anterior transverse collateral sulcus GM | L(−0.51085) R(−0.75841) | L(−0.94293) R(−0.7235) | L(−1.0823) R(−0.65351) | L(−0.87673) R(−0.45766) | 0.942929892 |
| Superior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula GM | L(−0.58043) R(−0.73673) | L(−0.78131) R(−0.91379) | L(−1.0597) R(−0.83424) | L(−0.63671) R(−0.49956) | 0.913794739 |
| Supramarginal WM | L(−0.44668) R(−0.68379) | L(−0.90674) R(−0.76209) | L(−1.0523) R(−0.73248) | L(−1.0335) R(−0.79555) | 0.906740767 |
| Transverse temporal sulcus GM | L(−0.6475) R(−0.85302) | L(−0.58411) R(−0.90334) | L(−0.88971) R(−0.65104) | L(−0.36918) R(−0.64198) | 0.903339677 |
| Caudal anterior cingulate WM | L(−0.59894) R(−0.64574) | L(−0.63222) R(−0.90179) | L(−0.91116) R(−0.81692) | L(−0.79927) R(−0.81706) | 0.901792812 |
| Orbital gyri GM | L(−0.52465) R(−0.28956) | L(−0.89137) R(−0.66851) | L(−0.23353) R(−0.24742) | L(−0.41421) R(−0.018396) | 0.891370891 |
| Lateral occipital WM | L(−0.48812) R(−0.46746) | L(−0.89077) R(−0.83387) | L(−0.5842) R(−0.52019) | L(−0.59719) R(−0.46873) | 0.890769705 |
| Precentral gyrus GM | L(−0.60367) R(−0.81263) | L(−0.66809) R(−0.812) | L(0.020972) R(−0.7973) | L(−0.31704) R(−0.82807) | 0.812629499 |
| Middle-anterior part of the cingulate gyrus and sulcus (aMCC) | L(−0.80905) R(−0.77131) | L(−0.80854) R(−0.85577) | L(−0.96773) R(−0.96501) | L(−0.77688) R(−0.92103) | 0.80905138 |
| Frontal pole WM | L(−0.61799) R(−0.75825) | L(−0.60333) R(−0.27884) | L(−0.73725) R(−0.89518) | L(−0.71345) R(−0.46786) | 0.758254228 |
Abbreviations/Symbols: GM = gray matter; WM = white matter; R = right; L = Left; d = Cohen’s d statistic. Bold entries indicate a statistically significant finding after multiple comparisons correction on at least one available FreeSurfer atlas.