Table 3.
Age-dependent analysis – Leading volumetric measurements as percentages of estimated total intracranial volume (%ETIV) sorted by effect size (Cohen’s d statistic).
| Region name | Ages 0–5 years L&R: d | Ages 5–10 years L&R: d | Ages 10–15 years L&R: d | Ages 15–20 years L&R: d | MAX ABS(d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inferior lateral ventricle | L (1.6361) R (1.0511) | L (1.9304) R (1.602) | L (3.355) R (2.4638) | L (2.6248) R (2.0848) | 3.354954938 |
| Lateral Ventricle | L (1.5806) R (1.4642) | L (1.4572) R (1.087) | L (3.103) R (1.6137) | L (1.9638) R (1.3325) | 3.102984938 |
| Putamen | L (0.42427) R (0.40042) | L (1.7656) R (1.9786) | L (1.3133) R (1.6151) | L (2.137) R (2.8152) | 2.815190181 |
| Choroid plexus | L (1.094) R (1.0546) | L (1.9481) R (1.7172) | L (1.8626) R (2.0346) | L (1.7839) R (2.368) | 2.368035517 |
| Superior part of the precentral sulcus GM | L (0.043307) R (0.0021641) | L (0.23511) R (−0.26355) | L (2.1448) R (0.46673) | L (0.72085) R (−0.18815) | 2.144795688 |
| Parahippocampal gyrus GM | L (0.41114) R (0.21504) | L (0.63967) R (1.2327) | L (2.1085) R (1.134) | L (1.8185) R (1.5105) | 2.108475198 |
| Amygdala | L (0.19687) R (0.073639) | L (1.6048) R (1.7743) | L (1.6402) R (1.8835) | L (1.441) R (1.8243) | 1.883528254 |
| Suborbital sulcus GM | L (0.14062) R (0.29181) | L (1.2154) R (1.072) | L (0.45888) R (0.34581) | L (1.8813) R (0.70243) | 1.881342574 |
| Caudate | L (0.88451) R (0.91633) | L (1.1535) R (1.2114) | L (1.5138) R (1.6433) | L (1.356) R (1.782) | 1.78203514 |
| Cerebellum WM | L (−0.69793) R (−1.043) | L (−0.84467) R (−1.3298) | L (−1.1744) R (−1.5686) | L (−1.4275) R (−1.7114) | 1.711363642 |
| Precuneus GM | L (0.16254) R (0.040277) | L (0.98306) R (0.84264) | L (0.34212) R (0.72068) | L (1.6821) R (1.2114) | 1.68214039 |
| Medial occipito−temporal sulcus (collateral sulcus) and lingual sulcus GM | L (0.2656) R (−0.13837) | L (0.66787) R (0.60091) | L (1.6152) R (−0.076483) | L (1.653) R (0.47595) | 1.652991797 |
| Rostral middle frontal GM | L (0.5152) R (0.22144) | L (0.59682) R (1.0348) | L (−0.24158) R (0.68666) | L (1.2273) R (1.6494) | 1.649447563 |
| Paracentral WM | L (−0.69885) R (−0.44313) | L (−0.70808) R (−0.76241) | L (−1.2581) R (−1.6238) | L (−1.2043) R (−1.2937) | 1.623784474 |
| Perirhinal GM | L (0.084224) R (0.19062) | L (0.94858) R (1.4923) | L (0.95169) R (1.5377) | L (1.371) R (1.5577) | 1.557671423 |
| Anterior corpus callosum | 1.0899 | 1.5023 | 1.3766 | 1.476 | 1.502308636 |
| Subcortical GM | 0.31442 | 1.4633 | 0.93052 | 1.4945 | 1.49452523 |
| Fronto-marginal gyrus (of Wernicke) and sulcus GM | L (0.18326) R (−0.10973) | L (0.15527) R (0.73925) | L (1.1226) R (0.69768) | L (1.4575) R (1.4146) | 1.457492237 |
| Brainstem | −1.0097 | −0.72631 | −1.084 | −1.4416 | 1.441629344 |
| Cortical GM | L (0.024861) R (−0.11924) | L (0.71279) R (0.7526) | L (0.17104) R (0.086939) | L (1.4414) R (1.3229) | 1.441358328 |
| Inferior part of the precentral sulcus GM | L (0.61515) R (0.51061) | L (0.78905) R (0.99835) | L (1.3161) R (1.4209) | L (1.0301) R (0.86118) | 1.420878876 |
| Cerebellar cortex | L (−1.1979) R (−1.2785) | L (−1.3011) R (−1.06) | L (−1.3491) R (−1.2879) | L (−1.3086) R (−1.4136) | 1.41362298 |
| Intraparietal sulcus (interparietal sulcus) and transverse parietal sulci GM | L (0.15995) R (−0.086767) | L (0.52677) R (0.12446) | L (−0.074757) R (0.94851) | L (1.142) R (1.4107) | 1.410722414 |
| Brodmann’s area 44 GM | L (0.58412) R (0.38512) | L (1.0097) R (0.81974) | L (0.72108) R (−0.47666) | L (1.4021) R (0.084598) | 1.402145386 |
| Superior parietal GM | L (−0.19019) R (−0.32627) | L (0.14996) R (0.10023) | L (0.33634) R (0.34974) | L (1.3998) R (1.1573) | 1.399759992 |
| Total cortical GM | −0.048252 | 0.73952 | 0.12946 | 1.3927 | 1.392675827 |
| Entorhinal GM | L (−0.068662) R (−0.069394) | L (0.80894) R (1.3459) | L (0.25628) R (1.3851) | L (0.82795) R (0.73824) | 1.385095658 |
| Middle temporal GM | L (−0.06991) R (−0.0886) | L (0.53113) R (0.29518) | L (0.32846) R (−0.015145) | L (1.3846) R (0.6359) | 1.384604341 |
| Precentral GM | L (0.068442) R (−0.15049) | L (0.719) R (0.30293) | L (1.3809) R (−0.11327) | L (0.99009) R (0.39752) | 1.380851032 |
| Pars orbitalis GM | L (−0.13727) R (0.33074) | L (0.50323) R (0.54924) | L (0.46795) R (0.49176) | L (0.62531) R (1.3763) | 1.376254549 |
| Temporal pole GM | L (−0.0074254) R (−0.061858) | L (0.68379) R (1.3638) | L (0.58655) R (0.62445) | L (0.42533) R (0.41785) | 1.363760336 |
| Insula WM | L (−0.10744) R (−0.27048) | L (−0.40482) R (−0.62411) | L (−0.70731) R (−0.65304) | L (−0.55856) R (−1.3453) | 1.345270221 |
| Lateral occipital GM | L (0.21378) R (−0.1679) | L (0.62426) R (0.6965) | L (0.30571) R (0.55768) | L (1.1443) R (1.3232) | 1.323232717 |
| Inferior temporal sulcus GM | L (0.32201) R (0.17369) | L (0.31095) R (0.62536) | L (0.88235) R (0.40656) | L (1.3028) R (1.2684) | 1.302821804 |
| Brodmann’s area 3a GM | L (−0.033975) R (0.24414) | L (1.0877) R (0.79785) | L (0.93071) R (0.21018) | L (1.0561) R (1.2988) | 1.298763577 |
| Pallidum | L (0.1839) R (0.082274) | L (1.2791) R (1.1305) | L (0.69178) R (0.73723) | L (0.63559) R (0.84946) | 1.279149736 |
| Superior frontal WM | L (−0.32132) R (−0.54434) | L (−0.4011) R (−0.30596) | L (−0.65164) R (−0.52922) | L (−1.265) R (−0.79125) | 1.264989949 |
| Frontal pole GM | L (−0.056314) R (−0.18886) | L (0.39103) R (0.68647) | L (−0.50156) R (−0.50179) | L (0.76575) R (1.2479) | 1.247886805 |
| Inferior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula GM | L (−0.35994) R (−0.46918) | L (−0.2484) R (−0.63868) | L (−1.2454) R (−0.89306) | L (−0.49113) R (−0.80345) | 1.245430805 |
| Posterior corpus callosum | 1.2325 | 0.96196 | 1.1431 | 0.82491 | 1.232473663 |
| Lateral aspect of the superior temporal gyrus GM | L (−0.26897) R (−0.59274) | L (−0.56079) R (−0.5578) | L (−0.58803) R (−1.2311) | L (−0.18972) R (−0.44347) | 1.231065741 |
| Postcentral WM | L (−0.55764) R (−0.74361) | L (−0.50421) R (−0.57167) | L (−0.80253) R (−1.2194) | L (−0.64586) R (−0.77644) | 1.219409271 |
| Transverse frontopolar gyri and sulci GM | L (−0.14561) R (−0.0939) | L (0.5168) R (1.1173) | L (−0.23547) R (−0.47321) | L (1.1832) R (1.1122) | 1.117279157 |
| Middle frontal sulcus GM | L (0.46209) R (0.47663) | L (1.0595) R (0.9092) | L (0.048516) R (0.48844) | L (0.42689) R (0.85167) | 1.059486009 |
| Brodmann’s area 3b GM | L (−0.085189) R (0.13501) | L (1.0379) R (0.86403) | L (0.68063) R (0.17709) | L (0.68546) R (0.85308) | 1.037881175 |
| Central sulcus (Rolando’s fissure) GM | L (−0.1311) R (0.059043) | L (1.0145) R (1.0258) | L (0.55) R (−0.054695) | L (0.83131) R (0.73035) | 1.025831833 |
| Third ventricle | 1.0037 | 0.48892 | 0.91313 | 1.1851 | 1.003728642 |
| Occipital pole GM | L (0.56066) R (0.06348) | L (0.91735) R (0.99864) | L (0.56553) R (0.43693) | L (0.65984) R (1.1901) | 0.998637388 |
| Inferior temporal gyrus GM | L (0.13636) R (0.26431) | L (0.35303) R (0.9807) | L (−0.51814) R (−0.053426) | L (0.94713) R (0.88104) | 0.980702759 |
| Optic chiasm | 0.48811 | 0.9659 | 0.56354 | 1.0442 | 0.965901131 |
| Subparietal sulcus GM | L (0.14009) R (0.13493) | L (0.96306) R (0.85858) | L (0.71761) R (−0.0089489) | L (0.22741) R (0.63616) | 0.963060254 |
| Rostral anterior cingulate GM | L (−0.55121) R (−0.75501) | L (−0.95204) R (−0.77911) | L (−0.87413) R (−0.61322) | L (−0.8092) R (−0.29236) | 0.952036615 |
| Ventral diencephalon | L (0.18328) R (0.2278) | L (0.88711) R (0.92695) | L (0.32581) R (0.71464) | L (−0.20781) R (0.15866) | 0.926951994 |
| Paracentral lobule and sulcus GM | L (0.022597) R (0.1339) | L (0.90257) R (0.61371) | L (0.024697) R (0.059733) | L (0.26181) R (0.75372) | 0.902566782 |
| Inferior frontal sulcus GM | L (0.30856) R (0.37135) | L (0.4197) R (0.90008) | L (−0.51999) R (0.85469) | L (1.0593) R (0.61716) | 0.900077596 |
| Fourth ventricle | 0.79775 | 0.42461 | 0.36745 | 0.6556 | 0.797752661 |
| Cerebral spinal fluid | 0.79405 | −0.099041 | −0.39824 | 0.092083 | 0.794049677 |
Abbreviations/Symbols: GM = gray matter; WM = white matter; R = right; L = Left; d = Cohen’s d statistic. Bold entries indicate a statistically significant finding after multiple comparisons correction on at least one available FreeSurfer atlas.