Confirmation of depleted gut microbiome (A), average speed of impact for RmTBIs (B), confirmation of injury induction (C, D) and average weight at time of femur collection (E, F). Both male and female rats on the antibiotic cocktail had a significantly reduced mean nucleic acid concentration confirming gut microbiome depletion (A). All rats received RmTBI at similar impact speeds (B). Male and female rats that received RmTBI demonstrated significantly longer time-to-rights compared to sham injured rats (C, D). No significant effects were found in average weight in males (E) or females (F) at time of femur collection (euthanasia). Graphs are shown as mean of each group ± SEM, * represent significant difference, p < .050.