Table 2.
Summary of studies and risk factors
| References | Patients Included (patients with IA/ total of patients) | Respiratory diseases | Smoking | Cardiovascular disease | Hepatic disease | Diabetes | Chronic Kidney Disease | IA: diagnosis from ICU admission (days) | Type of respiratory support | Steroids | Other imunomodulatory therapies | Intercurrent infections | Previous antimicrobial treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alanio | 9/27 | 2/9 | NA | 7/9 | NA | 3/9 | NA | NA | MV | 6/9 | NA | NA | NA |
| Bartoletti | 30/108 | 4/30 | NA | 19/30 | NA | 5/30 | 6/30 | 4 (2 to 8) | MV | 18/30 | 22/30 | NA | NA |
| Borman | 61 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MV | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Dupont | 19/106 | 6/19 | NA | 8/19 | 1/19 | 7/19 | 2/19 | 10 (4 to 23) | MV, SV | 7/19 | NA | 19/19 | NA |
| Falces-Romero | 10 | 4/10 | NA | 1/10 | NA | 5/10 | NA | NA | MV | 10/10 | 4/10 | NA | NA |
| Flikweert | 7 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 19,5 (1 to 24) | MV | 4/7 | NA | NA | NA |
| Gangneux | 7/45 | 0/7 | 1/7 | 5/7 | NA | 2/7 | 1/7 | NA | MV | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Helleberg | 2/8 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | NA | NA | NA | 5 and 1 days | MV | 1/2 | 0/2 | None documented | 2/2 |
| Koehler | 5/19 | 2/5 | 2/5 | 2/5 | 1/5 | 1/5 | NA | NA | MV | 3/5 | NA | NA | NA |
| Lamoth | 3/80 | 2/3 | NA | 2/3 | NA | 1/3 | NA | 7 (3 to 8) | MV | NA | 3/3 | NA | 3/3 |
| Marr | 20 | 7/20 | NA | 12/20 | 1/20 | 6/20 | 3/20 | 9,5 (-1 to 24) | MV | 4/20 | 6/20 | NA | NA |
| Mitaka | 4/7 | 1/4 | NA | 1/4 | 0/4 | 1/4 | 1/4 | 6,8 (1 to 14) | MV | 4/4 | 1/4 | NA | 4/4 |
| Nasir | 5/23 | NA | NA | 5/9 | NA | 8/9 | NA | 8 | MV | 5/5 | 3/5 | 5/5 | 5/5 |
| Rothe | 2/140 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | MV, SV | NA | NA | Yes (number not specified) | 2/2 |
| Rutsaert | 7/34 | NA | NA | 3/7 | NA | 3/7 | 1/7 | 8 (5 to 13) | MV | 1/7 | NA | NA | NA |
| Van Biesen | 9/42 | 4/9 | NA | 3/9 | NA | 1/9 | NA | 3 (1 to 19) | MV | 1/9 | NA | NA | NA |
| Van Arkel | 6/31 | 3/6 | NA | 1/6 | NA | NA | NA | 5 (3 to 14) | MV | 2/6 | 0/6 | NA | NA |
| Wang | 8/104 | 2/8 | 2/8 | 8/8 | NA | 2/8 | 2/8 | 19 | MV, SV | 6/8 | NA | NA | 6/8 |
| White | 25/135 | 12/25 | NA | 10/25 | 1/25 | 6/25 | 1/25 | NA | MV | 16/25 | NA | Yes | Yes (number not specified) |
| Overall | |||||||||||||
| Studies considering the risk factor/total of studies | 14/21 | 4/21 | 16/21 | 5/21 | 14/21 | 8/21 | 12/21 | 15/21 | 8/21 | 3/21 | 7/21 | ||
| Patients with the considered risk factor/ total of patients in studies | 239 with IA | 50/157 | 7/22 | 88/173 | 4/73 | 51/165 | 17/120 | median 8 days from ICU admission | 88/166 | 39/80 | NA | NA |
BAL broncho-alveolar lavage, EIA enzyme immunoassays, GM galactomannan, GMI galactomannan index, IA invasive aspergillosis, ICU intensive care unit, MV mechanical ventilation, NA not applicable, NC not classifiable, NBL non-directed bronchial lavage, SV spontaneous ventilation