Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Population (N = 3030)
| Variables | % | No. of subjects |
|---|---|---|
| Age ≥70 years | 44.5 | 1347/3030 |
| BMI < 20 kg/m2 | 8.0 | 243/3030 |
| History of previous fracture | 26.4 | 801/3030 |
| Parental hip fracture | 13.8 | 409/2955 |
| Secondary osteoporosis (all causes; see below) | 9.4 | 284/3030 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1.0 | 31/3030 |
| Current smoking | 11.2 | 340/3030 |
| Daily alcohol consumption ≥3 units | 7.5 | 227/3030 |
| Corticosteroids ≥3 months | 7.5 | 226/3030 |
| Causes of secondary osteoporosis | ||
| Early non‐substituted menopause | 5.4 | 165/3030 |
| Untreated hyperthyroidism | 1.6 | 48/3030 |
| Early menopause induced by gynecologic cancer | 0.5 | 14/3030 |
| Inflammatory bowel diseases | 0.5 | 14/3030 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 0.3 | 8/3030 |
| Chronic malnutrition, anorexia | 0.2 | 6/3030 |
| Osteogenesis imperfecta, chronic liver disease | 0 | 0/3030 |
| Breast cancer + aromatase inhibitor therapy | 1.2 | 35/3030 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder | 1.4 | 41/3030 |
| Prolonged immobilization | 0.8 | 25/3030 |
| Hyperparathyroidism | 0.2 | 7/3030 |
| Other endocrine causes | 0.1 | 3/3030 |
| Organ transplantation | 0.1 | 3/3030 |
| Use of PPIs | 23.6 | 411/1739 |
| Use of SSRIs | 29.2 | 163/559 |
| Hypnotics intake | 31.0 | 935/3016 |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 5.0 | 153/3030 |
| History of fall(s) | 19.5 | 592/3030 |
| Time to last fall | ||
| Fall in the previous month | 5.1 | 156/3030 |
| Fall between 1 and 6 months | 15.0 | 453/3030 |
| Frequency of falls | ||
| Less than one per month | 17.6 | 533/3030 |
| More than one per month but less than one per week | 1.9 | 58/3030 |
| More than one per week | 0.03 | 1/3030 |
BMI = body mass index; PPIs = proton pump inhibitors; SSRIs = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.