Clinical hazard associated with IGF‐1 increases with age, but not for cancer. In the left column, each dot represents the hazard ratio for incident disease or mortality associated with one standard deviation higher serum IGF‐1 within an age group, controlled for sex and residual age differences. In the middle and right columns, each dot represents the hazard ratio for incident disease or mortality associated with membership in the lowest or highest IGF‐1 quintiles, respectively, relative to the middle IGF‐1 quintile. For all subfigures, the area of each dot is proportional to the number of individuals it represents. Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals for the hazard ratio. The reported p‐values are for an F‐test for linear regression among the groups, and the reported r
2 values are for a Pearson association between the linear fit line (dotted red line) and the hazard ratios. The clinical events evaluated were (a–c) mortality, (d–f) dementia, (g–i) diabetes, (j–l) vascular disease, (m–o) osteoporosis, and (p–r) cancer