Table 3.

Effects of Noom app intervention on dietary intake, weight, BMI, and engagement characteristics.

Variables		Noom users (N=17)	Above average users (n=10)	Below average users (n=7)
12 weeks
	Total protein intake(g/kg/day)	1 (0.6-1.4)	1.3 (0.9-1.6)a	1 (0.5-1)
	Total energy intake(kcal/kg/day)	19.9 (13.9-26.8)	25.2 (17.5-32.7)b	17.7 (12.1-20.8)
	Weight loss (kg)	-0.66±4.31	0.68±4.80c	-2.57±2.76
	Weight loss (%)	-1.14±7.55	1.16±8.31	-4.43±5.21
	BMI change (kg/m2)	-0.21±1.43	0.21±1.60d	-0.81±0.93
In-app actionse
	Meal input frequency (meals per week)	11.15±7.69	15.41±6.76f	5.06±3.95
	Total exercise input frequency (every 12 weeks)	3.35±8.19	5.6±10.28g	0.14±0.38
	Articles read (articles/week)	0.98±1.84	1.47±2.3	0.27±0.33
	Number of weight inputs (times/week)	0.6±0.72	0.83±0.7	0.27±0.65
	Messages to coach (messages/week)	5.14±5.56	6.19±4.35	3.63±7.03
	Steps recorded (steps/week)	17,168.23±20,718.02	23,999.58±24,595.55h	7,409.17±6,951.79

^aThere was a significant difference in the total protein intake during the 12 weeks between above average and below average users; P=.02. The P value was calculated by Mann-Whitney tests.

^bThere was a significant difference in the total energy intake during the 12 weeks between above average and below average users; P=.04.

^cThere was no significant difference in the changes at 12 weeks between the above average and below average users; P=.10.

^dThere was no significant difference in the changes at 12 weeks between the above average and below average users; P=.09.

^eP values were calculated by Mann-Whitney tests between the 2 user groups.

^fAll the changes from the baseline to 12 weeks were significant in the above average and below average users; P=.007.

^gAll the changes from the baseline to 12 weeks were significant in the above average and below average users; P=.01.

^hAll the changes from the baseline to 12 weeks were significant in the above average and below average users; P=.02.