Table 4.

Variables of the Elixhauser Comorbidity Measure (ECM), ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator, and modified Frailty Index (mFI)

Elixhauser Comorbidity Measure
Congestive heart failure *Cardiac arrhythmias Valvular disease Pulmonary circulation disorders Peripheral vascular disorders Hypertension (combined)  Hypertension – uncomplicated  Hypertension – complicated Paralysis Other neurologic disorders Chronic pulmonary disease	Diabetes (uncomplicated) Diabetes (complicated) Hypothyroidism Renal failure Liver disease Peptic ulcer disease (excluding bleeding) AIDS/HIV infection Lymphoma Metastatic cancer Solid tumour without metastasis Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases	Coagulopathy Obesity Weight loss Fluid/electrolyte disorders Blood loss anaemia Deficiency anaemia Alcohol abuse Drug abuse Psychoses Depression
ACS NSQIP Surgical Risk Calculator
Age group Sex Functional status Emergency case ASA Class Steroid use for chronic condition Ascites (30 days preop.)	System sepsis (48 hours preop.) Ventilator dependent Disseminated cancer Diabetes Hypertension requiring medication Previous cardiac event Congestive heart failure (30 days preop.)	Dyspnea Current smoker within 1 year History of COPD Dialysis Acute renal failure BMI class CPT-specific linear risk
Modified Frailty Index
ǂ Diabetes mellitus ǂ Congestive heart disease Hypertension requiring medication Myocardial infarction Cardiac problems	Cerebrovascular problems History of stroke Clouding or delirium Respiratory problems, ǂ COPD ǂ Decreased peripheral pulses ǂ Functional status

Notes. AIDS, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; ACS NSQIP, American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI, body mass index; CPT, Current Procedural Terminology; HIV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

^ǂIncluded in the 5-Factor modified Frailty Index (mFI-5).

^*Included in the original ECM but removed in subsequent versions.