TABLE 2.

Fixed‐effects estimation of Model 2. The association between risk perception and PHQ‐8 Index in six European countries. Beta parameters, 95% interval confidence and significance levels (p‐value)

Model 2	Beta	CI
Quintile of risk perception index
First quintile risk perception	Ref.
Second quintile risk perception	0.62***	0.30 to 0.94
Third quintile risk perception	1.32***	1.00 to 1.64
Fourth quintile risk perception	1.90***	1.58 to 2.22
Fifth quintile risk perception	3.10***	2.77 to 3.42
Country
Italy	Ref.
France	0.65**	0.26 to 1.05
Poland	0.19	−0.34 to 0.72
United Kingdom	1.64***	0.78 to 2.51
Czech Republic	−1.82***	−2.20 to −1.44
Sweden	0.70	−0.23 to 1.63
Gender
Male	Ref.
Female	0.77***	0.56 to 0.97
Age in class
16–29 years	Ref.
30–49 years	−1.60***	−1.96 to −1.25
50–64 years	−3.10***	−3.49 to −2.71
65+	−4.61***	−5.12 to −4.10
Level of education
Low	Ref.
Medium	−0.03	−0.29 to 0.24
High	−0.36*	−0.68 to −0.05
Occupational condition
Employee	Ref.
Looking for job	0.44*	0.01 to 0.88
At home	0.99***	0.45 to 1.53
Student	1.38***	0.94 to 1.81
Retired	1.02***	0.68 to 1.36
Marital status
Single, never married	Ref.
In a relationship and cohabitant	−1.15***	−1.46 to −0.83
Married or registered partnership	−1.03***	−1.37 to −0.70
Separated/divorced or widowed	−0.20	−0.63 to 0.23
City‐size
500,000 +	Ref.
250,000–499,999	−0.89***	−1.37 to −0.41
100,000–249,999	−1.02***	−1.39 to −0.66
20,000–99,999	−0.81***	−1.15 to −0.48
10,000–19,999	−1.00***	−1.37 to −0.62
Less than 10,000	−1.28***	−1.59 to −0.97
Have children
Yes	Ref.
No	−0.22	−0.48 to 0.05
Perceived health status
Good	Ref.
No good	2.98***	2.75 to 3.21
Interview time
Months from lockdown	0.01	−0.00 to 0.02
Constant	6.65***	5.91 to 7.38
Observations	8495
Log‐likelihood	−24950.844
R 2	0.25

Significance levels: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.