Table 1.

Studies of stroke incidence and prevalence in Africa

Country, region	Study period	Type of study	Case definition	Neuroimaging confirmationa	Stroke subtyping	Crude annual incidence or crude prevalence rateb	Age-adjusted incidence or prevalence rateb	Ref.
Incidence: annual range 25–260 per 100,000 from 1973 to 2013
Nigeria, Ibadan	1973–1975	Community	Not stated	No	Yes	26	Not stated	36
Libya, Benghazi	1983–1984	Hospital	US national survey of stroke	Yes	Yes	63	Not stated	30
South Africa, Pretoria	1984–1985	Hospital	Harvard Cooperative Stroke Registry	Yes	Yes	101	Not stated	32
Zimbabwe, Harare	1991	Hospital	WHO criteria	No	No	31	68	29
Libya, Benghazi	1991–1993	Hospital	Not stated	Yes	Yes	48	Not stated	31
Egypt, Sohag	1992–1993	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	180	Not stated	39
Tanzania, Hai	2003–2006	Mixed	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	95	109	13
Tanzania, Dar es Salaam	2003–2006	Mixed	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	108	316	13
Mozambique, Maputo	2005–2006	Hospital	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	149	260	33
Egypt, Al-Kharga	2005–2008	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	No	260	560	40
Nigeria, Lagos	2007	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	No	25	54	37
Egypt, Al-Quseir	2010–2011	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	No	181	Not stated	28
Nigeria, Akure	2010– 2011	Mixed	Not stated	Yes	Yes	61	61	38
Prevalence: crude range 15–1,331 per 100,000 from 1983 to 2016
Nigeria, Igbo-Ora, rural	1983–1984	Community	WHO criteria	No	No	56	Not stated	42
Tunisia, Kelibia	1985	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	42	Not stated	46
Ethiopia, central and rural	1988	Community	WHO criteria	No	No	15	Not stated	44
Egypt, Sohag	1992–1993	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	508	Not stated	39
Tanzania, Hai	1994–1995	Community	WHO criteria	No	Yes	127	Not stated	43
South Africac, Limpopo province, rural	2001	Community	WHO criteria	No	Yes	243	300	47
Nigeria, Lagos, urban	2007	Community	WHO criteria	No	No	114	204	48
Egypt, Al-Kharga	2005–2009	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	580	Not stated	40
Nigeria, Niger Delta	2008	Community	WHO criteria	No	No	851	1,230	49
Benin, Cotonou, urban	2008–2009	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	460	771	50
Morocco, Rabat	2008–2009	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	284	292	51
Nigeria, Kwara, semi-urban	2009–2010	Community	WHO criteria	No	No	1,310	Not stated	52
Tanzania, Hai	2009–2010	Community	WHO criteria	No	No	2,420 (>70 years of age)	2,300 (>70 years)	53
Egypt, Assiut	2010	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	963	980	45
Egypt, Al Quseird	2010–2011	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	655	Not stated	28
Nigeria, SE	2011	Community	WHO criteria	No	No	163	163	54
Egypt, Qena	2011–2013	Community	WHO criteria	Yes	Yes	922	567	55
Nigeria, Niger Delta	2014	Community	WHO criteria	No	No	1,331	1,460	14
Nigeria, Odeda	2015	Community	WHO criteria	No	No	711	Not stated	56
Benin, Parakou	2016	Community	WHO criteria	No	Yes	1,156	3,223	57

^a‘Yes’ >80%. ^bPer 100,000 population. ^cSouth Africa, Agincourt Health and Population Unit. ^dThe prevalence study performed in urban Egypt (Al Quseir) by El-Tallawy et al. fulfilled the gold-standard criteria for a stroke epidemiological study.