Figure 5.

Nar induces apoptosis and autophagy of SNU-1 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (A) Changes in cellular PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT levels were determined by western blot analysis. GAPDH expression was used to normalize the data. (B) Changes in PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT levels in SNU-1 cells following Nar (10 µg/ml), 3-MA and Nar (10 µg/ml) plus 3-MA treatment. GAPDH expression was used to normalize the data. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001 vs. Nar (10 µg/ml) group; ^#P<0.05, ^##P<0.01, ^###P<0.001 vs. Nar (10 µg/ml) plus 3-MA group. Nar, naringin; p-, phosphorylated.